Ubud, a must-visit destination if you go to Bali in Indonesia

Ubud is a traditional village as well as a tourist destination in the district of Gianyar, Bali, Indonesia.Ubud is especially famous among foreign tourists because it is located between rice fields and ravines that make natural scenery very beautiful.

In addition, Ubud is known for its art and culture that is developing very rapidly and is progressing. The pulse of the life of the people of Ubud can not be separated from the arts. There are also many art galleries here, as well as music and dance performances which are held every night in turn throughout the village.

Already since the 1920s, Ubud is famous among western tourists. At that time a German painter; Walter Spies and the Dutch painter; Rudolf Bonnet settled there. They were assisted by Tjokorda Gde Agung Sukawati, from Puri Agung Ubud. Now their work can be seen at the Puri Lukisan Museum, Ubud

Tourist area

Ubud has a very diverse tourist area, from wana tours to tirta tours spread across the Ubud region, including:

Puri Lukisan Museum

Is the first fine arts museum, managed by a private company, in Bali. Initiated by Cokorda Gede Agung Sukawati, I Gusti Nyoman Lempad and a foreign artist living in Ubud, Rudolf Bonnet. Established on January 31, 1956 under the auspices of the Ratna Warta Foundation, and officially opened by the Minister of Education and Culture, Muhammad Yamin.
In this museum you can enjoy the development of art in Ubud, both painting and sculpture. Some of the works of foreign artists working in Ubud include: Rudolf Bonnet, Walter Spies, Arie Smit and local maestros such as I Gusti Nyoman Lempad, I Gusti Made Deblog, Ida Bagus Made and others. Including works of art during the Pita Maha era.

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Puri Agung Ubud

Puri Agung Ubud Krisnakusuma is located right in the heart of Ubud. It was the seat of the government of the Kingdom of Ubud in ancient times, as well as a center for cultural and traditional arts activities, which were held right in front of the castle. Puri Ubud still has a spatial structure and buildings that are maintained as the original. In the front yard, after the gate, there is an area called Ancak Saji. Here once a week a dance performance is held, for tourists. And every day, gamelan exercises are carried out from various musical art groups in Ubud. All art activities increasingly thicken the atmosphere of Ubud as a village with an artistic perspective.

Wanara Wana

Wanara Wana or Kera Forest, (better known as Monkey Forest) is a sacred forest area located in the Ubud area, precisely into the traditional village area of ​​Padangtegal, Ubud. In this forest there are a herd of hundreds of monkeys, who have inhabited this area for hundreds of years. In this area there is also Pura Dalem Padangtegal, which was founded in the early 20th century. The temple has a very ancient and artistic architecture and ornament. You can also look for holy springs under the hidden Komodo Statue, which when taken by mouth, is believed to cure all kinds of diseases.

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Rudana Museum and Rudana Fine Art Gallery

The Rudana Museum is an art museum located in Ubud, Bali, which was founded by Nyoman Rudana, a painting collector who also sits as a member of the Council

Regional Representatives (DPD) represented the Province of Bali in 2004 2009 and was inaugurated by President Soeharto on December 26, 1995. The museum holds more than 400 paintings and sculptures by artists, both from Bali, Indonesian artists outside Bali and the works of foreign artists which makes Bali a place of work. Being in a complex, stands Rudana Fine Art Gallery which was founded in 1978 and is the forerunner to the establishment of the Rudana Museum.

Rafting

In the western region of Ubud, there is the Ayung Tukad (Kali). In this river there are many tirta tourism activities, including rafting and kayaking. There are several tirta tourism services that offer this service. Besides tirta tourism, along the cliffs of Tukad Ayung it also has an attractive natural landscape, and there are dozens of starred hotels.

Other interesting places

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Sukawati Art Market

Sukawati Art Market is a place where Balinese art goods are sold, making it suitable for souvenirs. It is located about 20 km from the heart of Denpasar. In this art market there are hundreds of art traders hawking peddling handicrafts, ranging from wooden sculptures, paintings, T-shirts, shorts, bags, sandals, and more. The motif is unique and typical of Bali.

Ubud Art Market

In the Ubud area there is the Ubud Art Market or Ubud Art Market, a place that sells Balinese souvenirs. This place is one of the main tourist destinations of Bali for domestic and foreign tourists. Fresh products such as fruits, vegetables, poultry and local snacks can be purchased from the wet market located in the basement of the building.

Read to : Denpasar City is the capital of Bali Province, Indonesia

Makassar city, The Largest Metropolitan city in Eastern Indonesia

Makassar City (formerly Ujung Pandang) is the capital of South Sulawesi province. Makassar is the largest metropolitan city in eastern Indonesia and has in the past been the capital of the State of East Indonesia and Sulawesi Province. Makassar is located on the southwest coast of Sulawesi Island and borders Makassar Strait in the west, Pangkajene Islands Regency in the north, Maros regency in the east and Gowa regency in the south.

From the aspect of development and infrastructure, the city of Makassar is one of the metropolitan cities in Indonesia, the largest city outside Java after Medan. With an area of 199.26 km² and a population of more than 1.6 million people, the city is ranked fifth largest city in Indonesia after Jakarta, Surabaya, Bandung and Medan. Demographically, the city belongs to a multi ethnic or multi-cultural type with various ethnic groups residing in it, among which significant numbers are Bugis, Toraja, Mandar, Buton, Java, and Tionghoa. Makassar typical food that is commonly found in remote corners of the city is Coto Makassar, Roti Maros, Jalangkote, Bassang, Cake Tori, Palubutung, Banana Ijo, Sop Saudara and Konro Sop.

History

The name Makassar has been mentioned in pupuh 14/3 Nagarakretagama works by Mpu Prapanca in the 14th century, as one of the conquered areas of Majapahit. Nevertheless, the 9th King of Gowa Tumaparisi Kallonna (1510-1546) is thought to be the first person who actually developed the city of Makassar. He moved the royal center from the hinterland to the coast, built a fortress at the mouth of the Jeneberang River, and appointed a shahbandar to regulate trade.

In the 16th century, Makassar became the dominant trade center in Eastern Indonesia, as well as being one of the largest cities in Southeast Asia. The kings of Makassar applied a strict free trade policy, in which all visitors to Makassar were entitled to trade there and reject the VOC (Dutch) effort to obtain monopoly rights in the city.

Moreover, tolerant attitude towards religion means that although Islam is increasingly becoming the main religion in the region, Christians and other faiths can still trade in Makassar. This made Makassar an important center for Malays who worked in trade in the Maluku Islands and also became an important base for traders from Europe and Arabia.All these privileges are inseparable from the wisdom of King Gowa-Tallo who ruled at that time (Sultan Alauddin, King of Gowa, and Sultan Awalul Islam, King Tallo).

The control of the Makassar rulers is declining as the stronger Dutch influence in the region and the strengthening of the monopoly politics of the Dutch spice trade through the VOC. In 1669, the Netherlands, together with La Tenri Tatta Arung Palakka and some kingdoms of Dutch allies Conducted an assault on the Gowa-Tallo Islamic empire which they regarded as the greatest Barrier Stone to master the spices of eastern Indonesia. After an all-out war defending the kingdom against some royal coalition led by the Dutch, finally Gowa-Tallo (Makassar) was pressed and forced to sign the Bongaya Treaty.

Naming

The city was formerly named Ujung Pandang and used from about 1971 until 1999. The reason to change the name of Makassar to Ujung Pandang is the political reason, partly because Makassar is the name of a tribe when not all residents of Makassar are members of the ethnic Makassar .

The Second World War and the establishment of the Republic of Indonesia once again changed the face of Makassar. The abandonment of most of its foreigners in 1949 and the nationalization of foreign companies in the late 1950s brought it back to a provincial city. In fact, Makassar's native nature was even more disappearing with the arrival of new citizens from rural areas trying to save themselves from the turmoil caused by post-revolutionary upheavals. Between the 1930s and 1961 the population increased from about 90,000 to nearly 400,000, more than half of newcomers from out of town. This is reflected in the name change of the city to Ujung Pandang based on the nickname "Jumpandang" which for centuries marked the city of Makassar for the inland people in 1971. New in 1999 the city was re-named Makassar, exactly 13 October based on Government Regulation No. 86 1999 Name Ujung Pandang returned to the City of Makassar and according to Local Government Act area of the area increased approximately 4 miles towards the sea 10,000 Ha, to 27,577Ha.

Ujung Pandang itself is the name of a village within the area of Makassar City. Starting near Ujung Pandang Fort now, lie a promontory overlaid with pandanus clumps. Now the cape is no more. The name Ujung Pandang began to be known during the reign of King Gowa X, Tunipalangga which in 1545 established Ujung Pandang fort as the completion of fortresses of the existing kingdom of Gowa, including Barombong, Somba Opu, Panakukang and other small fortresses.

After the outside of the fort was completed, a typical Gowa (Ballak Lompoa) building was built inside it made of wood. While in the vicinity of the fortress formed a village that increasingly crowded. There Jourpandan village (Juppandang). While the Castle used as a small town on the beach Losari.

A few years later Ujung Pandang fortress fell into the hands of the Dutch, after the war of Makassar, with the approval of Bungaya Treaty of 1667, the fort was handed over. Then Speelmen changed his name to Fort Rotterdam. The Gowa-patterned buildings at Fort Rotterdam are slowly being replaced by Western-style buildings as we can see today.

The name of Makassar City changed to Ujung Pandang occurred on August 31, 1971, based on Government Regulation no. 51 in 1971. At that time the city of Makassar was expanded from 21 square kilometers to 115.87 Kilometers square, consisting of 11 districts and 62 neighborhoods with a population of about 700 thousand inhabitants. This pemekaran adopted part of the three districts of Maros, Gowa and Pangkajene Islands. As a "compensation" the name of Makassar changed to Ujung Pandang.

About the historic incident, the Mayor of Makassar H.M.Daeng Patompo (alm) argued "forced" to approve the changes, for the expansion of the city area. For Gowa Regent Colonel K.S. Mas'ud and Regent Maros Colonel H.M. Kasim DM strongly opposed the pemekaran. Fortunately, the conflict can be muted after Pangkowilhan III Lieutenant General Kemal Idris became mediator, the second result of the Regent of the area, willing to give up some of its territory as long as the name of Makassar replaced.

Since the beginning of the process of changing the name Makassar into Ujung Pandang, has received protests from among the public. Closely among culturalists, artists, historians, lawyers and pebisinis. Even when it was briefed Petisi Makassar by Prof.Dr.Andi Zainal Abidin Farid SH, Prof.Dr.Mattulada and Drs.H.D.Mangemba, from Makassar petition declaration this polemic about the name continues to flow in the form of seminars, workshops and so on.

Several seminars discussing the polemic of the Makassar substitution include:

Makassar seminar which was held on 21 March 1981 at Hotel Raodah, organized by SOKSI Sulsel.

Discussion panel Shining Makassar held November 10, 1991 in the building People's Daily III floor. "Makassar Birthday Search Seminar", August 21, 1995 at Makassar Golden Hotel.

However, neither the local government nor the local parliament has been moved to restore the name of Makassar to the capital of South Sulawesi Province. The fate of the city "Daeng" is almost uncertain, until finally dipenghujung the term of President BJ Habibie, Makassar's name is returned, without going through a convoluted process.

In the consideration of Government Regulation no. 86 of 1999, among which states that the change is a manifestation of the wishes of Ujung Pandang people with the support of Parliament Ujung Pandang and this change in line with Article 5 paragraph (3) of Law RI Number 22 of 1999, that the change of name of the region, stipulated by Government Regulation .

Along with the change and restore the name of Makassar, Ujung Pandang name is now a memory and then all elements of urban society ranging from the humanist, the government and the community then conduct penelaj and review of history of Makassar, the result of Local Government Number 1 Year 2000, set the Day of Makassar, dated November 9, 1607. And for the first time Makassar City Anniversary to 393, commemorated on 9 November 2000. The name Makassar comes from a word in Makassar "Mangkasarak" which means the self or open.

Transportation

Sea

Soekarno-Hatta Makassar Makassar In Makassar, Soekarno-Hatta became the name of the port, especially the port for passenger ships and passenger terminals. The port is managed by PT Pelabuhan Indonesia IV (Pelindo IV).

In this passenger harbor area is the Babussalam Mosque. The mosque was inaugurated by President Megawati, coinciding with the inauguration of Makassar Container Terminal, on July 21, 2001. While at the northern end of the harbor, or the end of the Nusantara road, there was the start of Reform Toll Road (Makassar Ringway) connecting the port area with the city center.

Air

The city of Makassar has an international airport, Sultan Hasanuddin International Airport which on 26 September 2008 was inaugurated by the President of Indonesia Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono indicating that at that time the Sultan Hasanuddin International Airport was fully operational where it had previously operated but only partially. Hasanuddin Airport also has a special airport taxi with prices varying according to the region of the intended area as well as special shuttle buses that serve the route from and to the new airport. Even many dark taxis are also offering services to passengers who just arrived in Makassar. In 2009 it is expected that the new runway will be completed and can be used.

Land

Pete-pete is an angkot designation in Makassar and its surroundings. Pete-pete red is an angkot originating from Gowa Regency and serves inter-city transportation, while pete-pete blue is an angkot originating from Makassar City itself and only serves transportation in Makassar area only.

Economy

Economic growth rate Makassar is ranked highest in Indonesia. In the last five years, the average economic growth of Makassar City is above 9%. Even in 2008, economic growth of Makassar City reached 10.83%. The rapid economic growth of the time, along with the onslaught of infrastructure development that encouraged economic turnover, such as the construction of Sultan Hasanuddin International Airport, toll roads and World Class Trans Studio facilities in Tanjung Bunga Mandiri City.

Tourism, Art and Culture

Art and culture

The traditional game attraction "Ma'raga"

It is a show of ball game that is moved from foot to foot or to hand, the show is played with joy. The players use traditional clothes such as passapu and sarong, usually played by 6 players. This performance will be more interesting when the players start supporting each other up to the higher and still skillful to play the ball and not fall to the ground.

Folk game attraction "Mappadendang"

Magical Dance "Pepe-pepeki ri Makka"

Bissu ritual dance "Ma'giri"

The drummer "Gandrang Bulo"

Traditional dances such as Pakarena Dance

Tourist attraction

Modern Makassar has many tourist attractions that are used for the entertainment needs of the people of Makassar as well as for tourists who come from cities and other countries. Some of the most popular amongst the maassar are:

Losari beach

Fort Rotterdam

Fort Rotterdam Fort is one of the strongholds in South Sulawesi that can be considered magnificent and charming. This fortress is a historical heritage of Gowa Sultanate, this Sultanate had triumphed around the 17th century with the capital city of Makassar. The Sultanate actually has 17 forts surrounding the entire capital city. However, Fort Rotterdam Fort is the most magnificent fortress among other fortresses and its authenticity is still preserved today.

Akarena Beach

Lae-Lae Island

Khayangan Island

Samalona Island

Barombong Beach

Tomb of the Tallo Kings

Port of Paotere

garden Tomb of Heroes

Trans Studio (Indoor Theme Park largest in Indonesia)

Lakkang Delta Tourism Village

Kapoposang Island

Galesong North Beach

Fort Panyua

The walls of this fort are steadily towering as high as 5 meters with a wall thickness of about 2 meters, with a small main door. When viewed from the air of this fort is a square like a turtle that wants to enter into the beach. Because this fort looks like a turtle, sometimes also this fort is also called the Castle Panynyua (Turtle). This fort has 5 Bastion, which is a stronger building and its position is higher in every corner of the fort which is usually placed canon or cannon on it.

The Malang city, the beatiful city in East Java Indonesia

The city of Malang is a city located in East Java Province, Indonesia, the second largest city in East Java after Surabaya, and the 12th largest city in Indonesia. The city was established during the time of the Kingdom of Kanjuruhan and is located on a plateau of 145.28 km2 located in the middle of Malang Regency. Together with Batu City and Malang Regency, Malang City is part of unity of region known as Malang Raya.

Malang city well known for being labeled as city of education. The city has various best universities such as Universitas Brawijaya and Universitas Negeri Malang. In addition, the city is a tourism city because of its charming nature surrounded by mountains and its cool air. Malang is also famous as a flower city because of the many flowers that adorn the city. The city of Malang is also an art city because of the many unique arts from this city, from dance to show.

Malang City has a wide range of people from various ethnic groups and cultures. The population of Malang city reached 895,387 people with the majority Javanese, followed by Madura. The metroplitan area of Malang, Malang Raya, is the second largest metropolitan area in East Java after Gerbangkertosusila. If viewed from the cultural side, Malang is included in the Arek Cultural Area.

The city of Malang holds various historical relics. This city holds a relic of the Kingdom of Kanjuruhan to the Netherlands. The remains of the Dutch in general are ancient buildings such as the Kayutangan Church with gothic architecture. Malang also held various events to preserve cultural heritage, one of them like Malang Tempo Doeloe Festival. Malang also has many historical relics that become landmarks such as Tugu Malang (Round Square).

History

Antiquity

Basin area of Malang has existed since ancient time as residential area. The number of rivers that flow around this place make Malang area residential area. The Dinoyo and Tlogomas regions are known to be prehistoric settlements. Furthermore, various inscriptions (eg Dinoyo Inscriptions), temple buildings and statues, traces of brick foundations, former drainage canals, and various pottery found from the late Kanjuruhan period (8th and 9th centuries) are also found in adjacent place.

The origin of the name of Malang

The name of Malang is still studied its origins by historians. According to the first hypothesis, Malangkuçeçwara inscribed in the city's emblem is the name of a sacred building located on Mount Buring which has a peak called Malang. The second hypothesis assumes that the true location of the sacred building is located in the Tumpang area, somewhere north of Malang. Until now in the area there is still a village named Malangsuko, which by some historians, allegedly derived from Malankuça word pronounced upside down.

Although these hypotheses have not been determined, in a copper inscription discovered at the end of 1974 on a plantation in Wlingi, Blitar is written in one of its parts as follows.

... sakrid panels of Malang-sense

wacid opponent macu pasabhanira

dyah Limpa Makanagran I ...

... to the east where hunting around Malang

together with wacid and mancu,

Dyah Limpa's rice field is ...

From the sound of the inscription it turns out Malang is a place to the east of the places mentioned in the inscription. From this inscription obtained a proof that the use of the name of Malang has existed at least since the 12th century AD.

The name Malangkuçeçwara consists of 3 words, ie mala which means cheating, falsehood, and evil, angkuça which means to destroy or destroy, and içwara which means God. Therefore, Malangkuçeçwara means God has destroyed evil.

The preceding hypotheses differ from one opinion which suggests that the name Malang derives from the word denied or obstructed (in Javanese means Malang). One day, Sunan Mataram who wanted to expand his influence to East Java had tried to occupy the area of Malang, but the local people denied it. Since then also the area named Malang.

The period of the Hindu and Islamic kingdoms

The emergence of the Kingdom of Kanjuruhan, by historians is seen as an early milestone of the growth of the central government that until now, after 12 centuries ago, has developed into the city of Malang. Therefore, the kingdom is considered the forerunner of this city.

After the kingdom of Kanjuruhan, in the golden days of the kingdom of Singhasari (1000 years after Christ) in the area of Malang still found a prosperous kingdom, many inhabitants as well as fertile farmland. When Islam conquered Majapahit Kingdom around 1400, Patih Majapahit fled to Malang area. Sultan Mataram from Central Java finally came and succeeded in conquering this area in 1614 after receiving strong resistance from the people of this region.

Colonial period

Netherlands

In the colonial period of Dutch East Indies, precisely on April 1, 1914 area of Malang became gemente (municipality). As with most other cities in Indonesia in general, the modern city of Malang grew and developed after the presence of Dutch East Indies colonial administration. Public facilities are planned in such a way as to meet the needs of Dutch families. Discriminatory impression is still left to this day, such as Jalan Ijen and surrounding areas.

Japan

During the Japanese residence in Indonesia, the city of Malang which is part of Indonesia also participated occupied by Japan. Bala Army Dai Nippon began to occupy the city of Malang on March 7, 1942. During the Japanese occupation there was a transitional building function. The dwellings of the Dutch were restored. The Netherlands Building at Jalan Semeru No. 42 which used to be the office or headquarters of the Dutch troops converted into the Kentapetai building.

Geography

Malang is located in the middle of Malang Regency and south side of Java Island. The city has an area of 145.28 km2. The city is bordered by Singosari and Karangploso sub-districts on the north side; District Pakis and District Tumpang on the east side; Tajinan and Pakisaji sub-districts on the south side; and Wagir and Dau sub-districts on the west side which are all subdistricts in Malang Regency.

The parts of Malang City have their own peculiarities so that it has its own compatibility in various activities. The southern part of Malang City is a large enough plateau that is suitable for industry; the northern part is a fertile soil that is suitable for agriculture; the eastern part is a plateau with a less fertile state; and the western part is a vast plateau and is now an educational area.

Malang City is passed by one of the longest river in Indonesia and the second longest in Java Island after Bengawan Solo, Brantas River whose springs are located on the slopes of Mount Arjuno in the northwest of the city. The second longest river in Malang is the Metro River through Malang City in Karangbesuki Village, Kecamatan Sukun.

The city of Malang is located in the highlands. The city lies at an altitude between 440-667 meters above sea level. The highest point of this city is in CitraGarden City Malang, an independent city, while the lowest area of Malang is located in Dieng area.

The city of Malang is surrounded by mountains and mountains. The city is surrounded by Mount Arjuno in the north; Mount Semeru to the east; Gunung Kawi and Mount Panderman in the west; Mount Kelud in the south.

Climate

Malang city has tropical climate. According to the climatic conditions of Malang City during the year 2016 recorded average air temperature ranges between 22.4 ° C-24.3 ° C, while the maximum temperature reaches 30.2 ° C and minimum temperature of 16.5 ° C.

From the observation of Klimploso Klimatologi Station, the relatively high rainfall occurred in February, November, and December. Meanwhile, in June and September rainfall is relatively low. Maximum wind speed occurs in May, September, and July.

Tourism

Tourism in Malang is quite big. In 2016, recorded number of domestic tourists in the city of Malang amounted to 3.987.074 people, while foreign tourists amounted to 9,535 people. The number of tourists in 2016 is a significant spike from the previous year. By looking at the evidence, the government is optimistic the number of tourist visits, especially abroad will continue to increase.

Village tour

Malang is known to have a lot of thematic villages that have rural and distinctive nuances. Among them, the most famous is Kampung Wisata Jodipan (Kampung Warna-Warni), the first colorful hometown in Indonesia that became one of the favorite destinations in Malang. In addition, there is also Kampung Tridi which is located opposite the Colorful Villages which is famous for its mural artwork on its residential walls, such as Haji Lane in Singapore. Both villages are connected by a glass bridge. Both are a favorite selfie place for tourists.

In addition, there is also a tourist village in the city of Malang is famous for its environmental friendliness and greenness. Among these are the Glintung Go Green Village (3G) located in Purwantoro and Kampung Bamboo Mewek in Tunjungsekar. Environmental friendliness in Kampung 3G can be seen from the full village by the plant. Kampung 3G is also the first water conservation village in Indonesia. Meanwhile, Kampung Bamboo Mewek is considered environmentally friendly because it is full of trees and bamboo and is a conservation village.

As a cultured city, Malang also has cultural villages. Kampung Budaya Polowijen is one of them. This village is considered a cultural hometown for storing and displaying various cultural heritage sites: malangan mask, Mbah Reni tomb, the first malangan mask maker, and Sumur Windu, where Ken Dedes bathing in antiquity. This village also has a unique library located in the gazebo. In addition to the village, there is also the Village Mask Malangan. As the name implies, starting from the gate to the area, visitors will be greeted by hundreds of masks with different colors and various characters as in the banner stories.

Supporting facilities and infrastructure

In February 2015, the Government of Malang City launched a bus system of green-colored tourist bus called Macito Bus, abbreviation of Malang City Tour provided free of charge and specifically for the tourists. This bus operates in Malang City from the front of Parliament building of Malang City and its route passes several important points in every corner of the city, among them some important museums, Ijen Road area, culinary tour, and so on. This bus has a capacity of 40 passengers with a ration around three times.

The lodging facilities for tourism in Malang City vary, ranging from hotels, apartments, guesthouses, to shelter houses scattered throughout the city. This diversity is supported by the fact that Malang is the most popular tourist destination in Indonesia after Bali, Bandung, and Yogyakarta. The most famous hotel in town is Hotel Tugu. This is because the hotel is well known among foreign tourists and the hotel often spends its visitors with various events. Another famous hotel is Hotel Pelangi because the hotel has a collection of Dutch paintings.

Culture

Relics and historical sites

Because it has been inhabited since prehistoric times, has been found various relics of prehistoric times in Malang. In Bakalankrajan, the people find mortars and dolmen. In addition, also found a mortar and a rock scratch in Tlogomas which is now in the Museum Mpu Purwa. In addition, the legacy of the Hindu-Buddhist Kingdom was not lost. Has been found place of worship of Hindu of Shiva sect at the time of Singhasari or Majapahit named Ketawanggede Site.

The most famous legacy is the relics of the Dutch period. There are relics such as ceramic paintings at Pelangi Hotel, Dutch heritage buildings in the area of Jalan Ijen, and ancient buildings with charming architecture. Ijen Road Area is one of the relics of the architect Herman Thomas Karsten. The Dutch left some utilities such as drainage channels. Little relics like the money of the ancient Dutch was exhibited in 2013.

Monuments and memorials

As a big city, Malang City is involved in various historic events that occurred in Indonesia. To mark the event, monuments and memorials were built. Malang City collects many monuments and memorials symbolizing historical events, history of Malang prapenjajahan, achievements of Malang, and others. Historical events, especially the independence struggle which has the most monuments. The monuments, among them Tugu Monument Malang that signifies independence from the Netherlands; TGP Monument (Army of Student Genie) built to commemorate the struggle of TGP; Monument to the Heroes of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Indonesia Students (TRIP), monuments of the TRIP heroes; Juang '45 monument marking the collapse of colonialism; Hamid Rusdi monument recalled Hamid Rusdi; Monument Commander Sudirman who commemorates the struggle of Panglima Soedirman; KNIP Monument Malang, historical monument of the Central Indonesian National Committee (KNIP); and Monument Melati (Monument Cadets Suropati), a monument of appreciation of the emergency school in the early formation of the People's Security Army (TKR).

Malang symbolizes various things through its monuments. One of them is Indonesia's historic landmark, the MiG-17 Airplane Monument with the NATO code "Fresco" located on Soekarno-Hatta Road. This monument is a symbol of the power of the Air Force. This aircraft is used during Operation Trikora and Confrontation. In addition, there is also a Statue of Ken Dedes Monument located at the entrance gate of Malang City north side.

The city of Malang also perpetuate one of the national figures, namely Chairil Anwar, a poet. He is immortalized by the Monument of Chairil Anwar located on Jalan Basuki Rahmat.

To symbolize the history of modern city of Malang and its identity, also built various monuments. Adipura Monument located on Jalan Semeru which indicates Adipura achievement by Malang City. As Bhumi Arema, there is Singo Edan Monument located in Bentoel Trunojoyo Park and Arema Monument located on Jalan Lembang to symbolize the pride of Malang citizen, against his club, Arema FC.

Malang is one of the oldest city since this city has been formed from the Dutch East Indies era. In addition, this city is also a center of settlement since the time of Kanjuruhan. Thus, Malang has experienced a long history. These historical proofs are kept in museums.

Museum

Malang which is the center of the settlement since antiquity has many historic relics ranging from relics of prehistoric to relics of the 1990s. In this city, the museum already exists to the sub-district level and with that, the government is also considered to be able to appreciate the cultural heritage of the heritage well. The museum that holds the relics of the era, among others Museum Mpu Purwa, museum containing the relics of Hindu-Buddhist, Museum Malang Tempo Doeloe, Malang history museum, and Brawijaya Museum, the museum of war of independence. In addition, there is also a museum that left a historical relic of a giant Indonesian company, the Bentoel Museum which contains the history of Bentoel Group and its founders.

As a city of education since the time of the Dutch East Indies, Malang also save a lot of scientific relics left by European scientists and Indonesia. Among the many museums that leave these relics, there is the Frater Vianney Zoological Museum which contains hundreds of collections of specimens and herpetology specimens.

Art

Malang is a city rich in art of dance. According to the cultural area (tlatah it), the city of Malang is included in the Arek Culture Tawarah. Thus, the dance of art in the city, especially the art of dance is more energetic, joyful, and straightforward Malang Dance varies, starting from the dance of welcome, namely Beskalan dance, dance tribute such as Bedayan dance, to Grebeg Wiratama dance which describes the spirit of war. Although there are many dances in addition to these dances, the famous Malang dance is the Malangan mask dance dance. The dance is a dance performances that all cast with mask. In general, the dance often uses the banner story, the classical Javanese classical land story.

In addition to dance, the city also has art in the form of performances. The most recent show is the Banteng show. This art evolved in villages rooted in the history of Singhasari in the district. However, some areas in the middle of the city that has been very modern also still have community Bantengan. This art involves the ancestors of the bull called by the elders. Bantengan is considered unique, but there are enough people who oppose it. Jaran Kepang Malangan was no less exciting. This show is an art show featuring a group of people ready to act with jaran kepang (piggyback). Sometimes, Jaran Kepang dancers experience a tangle.

Culinary

Malang is a culinary city, especially culinary with affordable price. The number of cheap culinary caused by residents of Malang City, which mostly are students and students from all over Indonesia. Malang, Java, Indonesia and European specialties exist in Malang because Malang is a multicultural city. In the matter of food, Malang is also known to have many stalls that are quite legendary and have lasted for tens of years. The shops, among others Toko Oen which was established since 1930; Warung Tahu Egg The bells that stood in the early 1900s to be called colonial to millennial food; and Gerai Putu Lanang Celaket established since 1935.

Culinary tour in the city was mixed with Malang Festival Tempo Doeloe. In the festival, dijuallah various culinary dishes of old, ranging from cenil, putu, until grendul. Old-time snacks such as sugarcane, cotton candy, and miller crackers were sold at the festival in 2012. Cassava sold is not a joke because the cotton candy is a print so that it can be formed-shape as corn, dragon, or flowers.

Environment

The city of Malang was chosen to be one of the five cities with the cleanest air in Asia. This achievement is one of the fruits of the common commitment of the people to continue to make and decorate the city park. The park in the city of Malang is known to be clean and has play facilities so that Malang gets a child friendly city title. Not only the village, local government also gave birth to thematic parks. The theme parks are very different from other cities so this helps the award of Best City Park. The theme parks can be found on the green line of Jakarta Street, namely Taman Kunang-Kunang.

The largest park in Malang is the Merdeka Square and Tugu Square (Monument Tugu Malang). Merdeka Square is located in front of the Office of the Regent of Malang and is the oldest square built in 1882. Not only that, the Merdeka Square also provides the point of child friendly games and fountains. Tugu Square, located right in front of Malang City Hall decorated by Tugu Malang, fountain, flower, pond with lotus, Malang flower, palm tree, and plastic lamp which shaped like sunflower. Although intended for the aesthetic element, the sunflower lamps are protested by the people around because it is considered not environmentally friendly and not good.

Some parks are the result of development of CSR funds. Among them is Slamet Park built with CSR funds from PT Bentoel Prima. Bentoel CSR funds are also used to renovate the park and Trunojoyo Park. One of the famous parks, namely Taman Singha Merjosari also renovated with CSR funds. However, CSR funds used are funds from telecommunications companies. CSR funds from education such as Yayasan Pendidikan Merdeka that overshadowed Merdeka University have disbursed CSR to revitalize Taman Terusan Dieng.

Conservation efforts

The government plays an active role in environmental conservation efforts. To add one point, in Adipura Kencana's achievement, the education office held a Green School Festival (GSF) held annually in the city's schools. GSF implementation method is considered good because it is forcing the participation of all schools. In addition, the Office of Housing and Settlement Area (Disperkim) also conducted a garden arrangement competition by realizing the importance of green open space for oxygen. After that, Disperkim also vigorously build a garden so that the town flower nickname more closely with the city of Malang. Malang City also seeks to utilize additional funds such as CSR funds to revitalize city parks. Thus, now the city of Malang is known as a viable city to build parks through CSR funds.

Transportation

Total road segment in Malang City is 2,960 segment with total length of road reach 1,027,112,20 meter (1,027 km). This road segment does not include provincial and state roads. In addition to connecting with National Road Route 23, Malang City is connected to provincial roads connecting districts and cities in East Java. To connect East Java, began to build the highway, one of which is Pandaan-Malang. This toll road will end in Madyopuro, Kedungkandang. Now the toll has entered the construction phase.

The Department of Transportation of Malang City operates urban transport and school buses. Both services serve both the center and the suburbs. Now there are 25 urban transport routes in the city. The school bus began operating on December 29, 2014 and there are now six school buses with six routes.

Malang Station located in the middle of the city is the main station of the city and serves 832,181 passengers with the number reaching 5 thousand people per day on the homecoming 2017. The station is the largest railway station in Malang and connect Malang with other big cities in Indonesia such as Surabaya, Bandung, and Jakarta. In addition to Malang Station, the city has two other stations, namely Malang Kotalama Station and Blimbing Station.

The city of Malang is served by Abdul Rachman Saleh Airport located in the district. The airport connects cities with domestic cities such as Jakarta and Makassar. Although it can issue an entry visa, Abdul Rachman Saleh Airport only serves domestic routes so that international passengers of Malang City will be served by Juanda International Airport in Sidoarjo.

According to the international Intrix Institute, Malang is one of the shortest in the world with total time spent in a traffic jam of 39.3 hours (20% of total time). According to UB's survey, 46.2% of urban residents consider congestion in the city to be included in the severe class. This congestion also eliminates the convenience of the tourists. The city government has tried to overcome it by memacanakan construction of monorails and underpasses. However, after conducting several comparative studies, the government stated that Malang City is unable to build monorails and underpasses for the reason that the cost is very expensive.

Puncak Bogor, the glorious natural beauty of Indonesia

Puncak is a mountainous tourist area that belongs to the area of ​​Bogor Regency and Cianjur Regency, West Java Province. The peak is located 70 km south of Jakarta. The Puncak area is located at the foot and slopes of the Gede-Pangrango mountains and is largely part of the Gede Pangrango National Park area. This area is famous as a mountainous tourist area for both domestic and foreign tourists. The Puncak area is known as a resting place for Jakarta residents because of its coolness and natural beauty, and is a tea plantation area built by the Dutch colonial government which is currently a tea plantation owned by PT Perkebunan Nusantara VIII Gunung Mas.

Geography

The Puncak region is at the foot and slope of the Gede-Pangrango mountains and is at an average altitude of 700-1,800 m above sea level with an average air temperature reaching 14-20 degrees Celsius. In addition, the Puncak area is also surrounded by other mountains, namely Mount Salak (2,221 m)

Tourism

The Peak area has unique natural contours. Most of the area is covered by tea plantations with mountainous backgrounds. The natural beauty of this area amazed President Soekarno, so he built a restaurant to enjoy the natural beauty of Puncak, which was later given the name Riung Gunung Restaurant. In addition, there are also places of recreation and beautiful agro-tourism, including the Gunung Mas Tea Plantation and Gantole (Paragliding). In the Puncak area there are also various interesting tourist attractions including Taman Safari Indonesia, Taman Bunga Nusantara, Cibodas Botanical Garden, Telaga Warna, Taman Wisata Matahari and there is a beautiful mosque with a distinctive and simple architecture, the Atta'awun Mosque. In this area there are also many villas and hotels owned by investors and local residents for visitors to rest.

Access

The Puncak area can be reached from Jakarta and Bandung via National Road Route 2. In addition, this area can also be accessed via Jagorawi Toll Road and Bocimi Toll Road. Roads to the Peak often experience traffic jams on weekends and long holidays, so that jockey services appear "rat road" which shows an alternative path to avoid traffic. The jockey installed a tariff of Rp 100,000 for the 5 km Pandansari-Citempuan route and Rp 300,000 for the 12 km Ciawi-Dam route. Head of the Bogor District Police Traffic Unit Adjunct Commissioner Muhammad Chaniago did not recommend motorists to cross the alternative road because the road was winding and steep and passed through the residents' villages

Mount Galunggung, a mountain that once erupted now used as a tourist attraction

Mount Galunggung is a volcano with an altitude of 2,167 meters above sea level, located about 17 km from downtown Tasikmalaya. To reach the top of Galunggung, built a ladder that has 620 steps. In this region there are several tourist attractions offered include attractions and attractions wanawisata with an area of approximately 120 hectares under the management of Perum Perhutani. Another object of approximately 3 hectares of hot water bath (Cipanas) complete with swimming pool facilities, bathroom and hot tub soak.

Mount Galunggung has the Montane Forest of 1,200 - 1,500 meters and the Ericaceous Forest> 1,500 meters.

Mount Galunggung eruption

Mount Galunggung was recorded to have erupted in 1822 (VEI = 5). The early signs of the eruption were known in July 1822, in which the water of Cikunir became muddy and muddy. Crater examination results indicate that the turbid water is hot and sometimes the smoke column appears from the crater. Then on October 8 s.d. October 12, the eruption produces very hot reddish sand rain, fine ash, hot clouds, and lava. The lava flow moves southeastward along streams. This eruption killed 411 lives and destroyed 114 villages, with land damage to the east and south as far as 40 km from the top of the mountain.

The next eruption occurred in 1894. Between 7-9 October, an eruption that produced a hot cloud. Then on the 27th and 30th of October, there was a lava flowing in the same river channel as the lava generated in the 1822 eruption. This eruption destroyed 50 villages, some of the houses collapsed due to ash rain.

In 1918, in early July, the next eruption took place, beginning with an earthquake. This July 6 eruption resulted in ash of as little as 2-5 mm of ash that was limited in the crater and the southern slope. And on July 9, recorded the appearance of a lava dome in a crater lake as high as 85m with a size of 560x440 m which was then named Mount Jadi.

The last eruption occurred on May 5, 1982 (VEI = 4) accompanied by the sound of booms, sparks, and flashes of lightning. The eruption took place for 9 months and ended on January 8, 1983. During this eruption period, about 18 people died, mostly because of indirect causes (traffic accidents, old age, cold and food shortages). Estimated losses of around Rp 1 billion and 22 villages left unattended.

The eruption of this period has also led to the change of map of the region at a radius of about 20 km from the Galunggung crater, which includes Indihiang District, Sukaratu District and Leuwisari District. The change in the map of the area is mostly caused by the breaking of the road network and the flow of the river and the area of the village due to the abundance of cold lava flow in the form of sand-gravel material.

In the post-eruption period (ie, around 1984-1990) was the rehabilitation of the disaster area by reconstructing the broken road network, dredging the sand / sands in several streams and irrigation channels (especially Cikunten I), then building check dam cold lava) in the area of Sinagar as a 'fortress' of the overflowing safety of cold lava floods into the area of Tasikmalaya City. At that time also exploited the utilization of Galunggung sand which is considered qualified for building materials and road construction. In the later years up to now the dredging effort of Galunggung sand was growing, even at the beginning of its development (around 1984-1985) built Railway network from near Kih Indihiang Station (Cibungkul-Parakanhonje) to check dam Sinagar as special lane to transport sand from Galunggung to Jakarta. The eruption also caused British Airways Flight 9 had an emergency landing at Halim Perdanakusuma Airport, after all four engines were totally dead.

Mount Galunggung as a tourist attraction

Most visitors Galunggung tourist attraction is a local tourist, while tourists from abroad are still under the count of 100 people on average per year. The average domestic and foreign tourists who visit the Galunggung Mountain amounted to 213,382 people per year.

Seeing the potential attractiveness that may be excavated, as well as geographical position is quite strategic, and has a uniqueness of the nature of the object of Mount Galunggung tourism potential enough to be sold to foreign tourists. But the attraction is not packaged in a professional tour package.

Others are different now. Yes, this sentence is worth pinned on the tourist area of Mount Galunggung Tasikmalaya regency. All changes seem obvious in some corners of nature tourism mainstay of this santri city. Perum Perhutani Divre Jabar Banten apparently encompass the attractions of Mount Galunggung by changing its appearance. Of course the goal is to attract more tourists who visit.

Well, for those of you who wonder what the changes? Here are the changes:

1. Stair climbing ladder mounted

2. Corridor view of mount Galunggung

3. waterfall galunggung color

4. galunggung gorge

5. hot water pool

6. camp ground on the crater lip

History of Mendut Temple - Development, Relief, and Arca

 

The history of the temple is a topic that is also interesting to discuss. Mendut Temple is one of the Buddhist temple that is quite popular in Indonesia. Mendut temple is located in Central Java, precisely in Mendut Village, District Mungkid, Magelang District. Located about 38 km from the city of Yogyakarta. This temple is also not far enough from other famous temple, Borobudur Temple. Viewed from the history of the temple mendut, Borobudur temple has a fairly close relationship with the Borobudur Temple and Pawon Temple. When you look from the map, the location of these three Buddhist temples form a straight line from north to south. This article will give an overview of the history of the temple and the story behind the architecture contained in it.

As mentioned earlier, Mendut Temple is a Buddhist temple that is quite famous both in the national scale or abroad. The word self is derived from the word Venu, Vana, Mandira which means the temple is in the middle of the bamboo forest. The early history of temple development still has several versions and can not be ascertained.

The famous historian named J.G. de Casparis explained that the temple mendut built during the reign of Syailendra dynasty in 824 AD This is based on the contents of Prasati Karangtengah per year 824 AD In the inscription mentioned that Indra King built a sacred building and named it Wenuwana. Wenuwana or bamboo forest is defined by de Casparis as Mendut Temple. By using the assumption, then the history of the shrine has begun before the temple of Borobudur. Temple mendut has an older age than the Borobudur Temple, one of the largest and famous temple in the world that had entered into the 7 Wonders of the World.

Rediscovery of Mendut Temple

The rediscovery of the temple took place in 1836. At that time, it was found that all parts of the temple shrank except the roof of the temple. The Dutch Indies government at that time did the restoration since 1897 until 1904. The result of this effort is good enough to successfully restore the foot and body of the temple through reconstruction. Even so, there are some parts of the temple that still can not be reconstructed again. Four years later, Van Erp became the leader for the reconstruction activities of Mendut temple stage two. The team performed the activity of returning the roof shape of the temple, the installation of stupa stupa and repairs at some roof top of the temple. The purpose of this reconstruction is quite good only had time constrained funds in the middle of the process. This reconstruction activity just started back in 1925. Thanks to this reconstruction effort, we can now enjoy the uniqueness of temple mendut while studying the history of temples mendut and the message behind every architecture.

Mendut Temple Architecture

In general, the temple mendut has a floor plan with a square shape. Temple mendut has an overall height of 26.4 m. The body part of the temple is on a rock with a height of 2 m. On the surface of the stone has a wide hallway. In the walls of the temple mendut, there are approximately 31 panels featuring some relief stories, tendrils and flower sculptures that indicate the pattern of the temple mendut. When you visit this temple, you will see several channels to dispose of water from the hallway along the outer wall of the ledge. This section of the channel is called jaladwara. Jaladwara is a characteristic of temple temples located in the region of Central Java. This type of jaladwara can be found on the famous temple temples in Central Java & Yogyakarta such as Borobudur Temple, Prambanan Temple, Ratu Baka Site and Banyuniba Temple. Even so, the form of jaladwara is not the same and has its own characteristics in accordance with the characteristics of the temple.

The staircase of the temple is located on the west side of the temple which is also located in front of the entrance into the body of the temple. At the entrance of this temple, you can see the viewing chamber that juts out. This display booth has a height similar to the roof of the temple so it looks blend with the body of the temple. The entrance of the body of this temple has no garupa or door frame as other temples. This chamber has the shape of how many hallways with a hollow cavity extending cavity with a triangular cross section.

Mendut Temple Relief

As with other temples, the temple also has a relief shrink with a distinctive style. Here are some reliefs that are in the temple mendut:

Relief Kuwera & Hariti

Relief kuwera or Ayataka is a relief engraved on the northern wall in the display booth. Kuwera itself is a human-eating giant who is told to do repentance after meeting with Buddha. This Kuwera has a wife named Hariti. Hariti himself has the same life story with Kuwera. He is a man-eating giant who also ended up repenting after meeting Buddha. Hariti then became a protector for his children with Kuwera.

In addition to the temple mendut, reliefs Kuwera and Hariti is also widely found in other temples such as Sewu Temple, Kalsan Temple and Banyuniba Temple. In the reliefs engraved in the temple mendut, kuwera symbolized sitting on a bench. Around him a child of kuwera is seen playing. Under Kuwera's seat was a purse of money. This picture describes Kuwera as the god of wealth. While in Hariti relief, you can see a similar picture. Hariti is seen sitting in a chair with her son on her lap. There are also some Hariti and Kuwera children who are also playing.

Relief of the Bodhisattva Ayalokitesvara

This relief describes the life of Buddha. The relief is located on the south wall of Sewu Temple. In this relief, the Buddha is pictured sitting on a padmasana or throne from a padma flower. Budha sits under the kalpataru tree. In this relief, Dewi Tara is also seen sitting on padmasana on the left side of Buddha. While on the right side there are also women who sit also on padmasana. On the left and right side of the cloud is visible. In the cloud, the man reading the book. While on the left and right siis this relief painted stone pillars stacked.

Above the pillar is depicted Gana who is crouching and supporting something. In front of Budha sitting, there is a pond with lots of lotus flowers. The water of this pool is represented as the tears of Buddha due to the sadness of Buddha who is thinking of his miserable people in the world. In front of this pool are also seen two women who emerged from the lotus pond.

Bodhisattva Relief

This relief is located on the east wall of Mendut Temple. Inside this relief, it is seen Buddha with a figure having four hands standing on a phallus. In this relief, Buddha uses the king's great clothes. Buddhas emit the rays of the gods from their heads. The left hand behind the Buddha is seen holding the book while his right hand holds a beads.

The Buddha's forehead depicts the attitude of the yaramudra. Yaramudra is a Buddhist attitude cross-legged with a hand grace form. To the left of the Buddha is seen a lotus flower that seemed to come out of the vessel.

Relief of Tara Goddess

On the north side of Mendut Temple, there is a relief depicting the goddess Tara. Inside this relief, it is seen Tara Goddess who sits on padmasana with both men on her left and right side. Tara's goddess in this relief is depicted as having eight hands. Tara's hand holds some items such as oysters, wajra, chakras, prayer beads, axes, sticks, books and saucers.

Relief Sarwaniwaranawiskhambi

In this relief, depicted Sarwaniwaranawiskhambi standing under the umbrella. This relief is located on the west side of Mendut Temple. Inside this relief Sarwaniwaranawiskhambi is seen wearing royalty greatness.

Mendut Temple statue

One part of the history of the temple is a great statue that is unique. Part of this statue is located in the body part of the temple mendut. There are 3 pieces of great Buddha statue, which consists of:

1. Arca Dyani Budha Cakyamuni

This statue is also known as Vairocana. This statue is located in the middle of the temple by facing the west of Mendut Temple. This statue is seen in a sitting position with both legs menyiku down. Her feet tread on the ground that has a lotus shape. While the hands of the statue dyani budha cakyamuni behave dharmacakramudra. This attitude means Buddhas who are turning the wheel of life.

2. Buddha statue Avalokitesvara

Buddha statue avalokitesvara or Lokesvara terleta on the north dyani budha cakyamuni. This statue is facing to the south side of the temple mendut. In this statue, the Buddha is pictured sitting with his left leg folded inward. While his right leg dangles downward. This avalokitesvara Buddhist statue takes the attitude of the varamudra hand which means that Buddha is teaching. This statue lokesvara is wearing a royal grandeur dress with added jewelry on the neck, shoulders, ears. Not to forget there is a crown that adds to the majesty of this statue.

3. Bodhisattva statue of Vajrapani

This third statue is located on the left of the archae Budha Sakyamuni. Bodhisatva vajrapani statue is depicted facing to uata. In this statue, Buddha is depicted being in a sitting position with the position of the right leg folded with the sole of Budha touch the thigh. While his left thigh is depicted dangle down. Just as the avalokitesvara Buddha statue, the statue of the bodhisattva vajrapani is also depicted in the royal dress of greatness.

From this article, we can see that the history of the temple is quite long and has many stories in it. Temple mendut is quite unique when compared with other Buddhist temple temples in Indonesia. The uniqueness of the temple mendut can be seen from the size of the statue of Budha is somewhat large for the size of Buddhist temples in Indonesia, especially temples around Central Java. Mendut Temple also has many reliefs that explain the story of Jataka. Stories in the reliefs in Mendut Temple many explain the law of cause and effect which is certainly very useful to know together. The relief is scattered on the walls of the temple mendut. Mendut Temple is one of the temples that must be visited when you stop to the area of Central Java and Yogyakarta.

Mendut Temple was founded during the reign of King Indra of the dynasty Syailendra Buddha-patterned at an altitude of 3.70 m asl. As mentioned in the inscription Karangtengah dated May 26, 824 AD, told that the king Indra has built a sacred building wenuwana which means bamboo forest. Furthermore, the archaeologist from the Netherlands named J.G de Casparis defines the sacred building in question is Mendut Temple.

This rectangular temple is furnished with a storied roof decorated by small stupas. This temple was built earlier than the Pawon Temple and Borobudur Temple which is located in a straight line. This temple was built facing to the west different from Borobudur temple which was built facing toward sunrise.

Upon entering the courtyard and foot of the temple, you can see some reliefs that tell about turtles, birds, monkeys and birds, brahmins and crabs. This relief at a glance looks like a fairy tale aimed at children, but actually the story tells the jataka story that gives moral message to all who come to visit this Mendut temple. In the body of the temple, you will get 8 Bodhisattva reliefs that are larger than the reliefs that exist in Borobudur temple.

The smell of hio smelled mixed with fragrant flowers will accompany you as you step into the temple chamber. Next will appear in front of the eye statues as high as 3 meters amounted to 4 yellowish light illuminated. Three large-scale statues located within the cubicle of this Mendut Temple named the statue of Dyani Buddha Cakyamuni or Vairocana, Avalokitesvara statue and Bodhisatva Vajrapani statue.

Dyani Buddha Cakyamuni statue located in the center, was sitting with legs menyiku down with the hand position twisting wheel dharna. The statues are carved out of solid black material intactly so as to produce the usual masterpieces of luaar. There are rangants of fresh flowers, hiolo and hio located in front of the statues.

After you feel enough to see purwa rupa statues, it's time you leave the gate of Mendut temple by passing a row of souvenir kiosks. Next you will also see Buddist Monastery which is a quiet, open and public place. A number of stupas and lotus flowers in the pond adorn the road to Buddist Monastery.

Starting at 19:20 pm every night, this is held chanting ritual or meditation by looking to listen to music and singing. Anyone can follow the riitual chanting and not necessarily Buddhist.

Location

Mendut Temple is located in Mendut Village, Mungkid District, Magelang Regency, Central Java Province. Located about 38 km to the northwest of Yogyakarta.

Access

Mendut Temple is located 3 km east of Borobudur temple or 1.5 km to the north from Pawon temple. When you go to Borobudur Temple will pass by looking at the board to Mendut Temple. From the highway you can see where it is

Ticket price

The ticket price to enter this place is Rp. 3,000, - per person

Amenities

Facilities contained in this place in the form of parking vehicles, toilets and some food stalls are managed by the surrounding residents.

Solo City, The Spirit of Java Indonesia

The city of Surakarta, also called Solo or Sala, is an autonomous region with city status under Central Java Province, Indonesia, with a population of 503,421 inhabitants (2010) and a density of 13,636 / km2. City with an area of 44 km2, is bordered by Karanganyar and Boyolali regencies in the north, Karanganyar and Sukoharjo regencies in the east and west, and Sukoharjo regency in the south. This city is also the third largest city in southern part of Java after Bandung and Malang by population. The eastern side of this city bypassed the river immortalized in one of the keroncong songs, Bengawan Solo. Together with Yogyakarta, Surakarta is the heir of the Mataram Sultanate which was broken down through the Treaty of Giyanti, in 1755

Name

"Sala" is one of three hamlets selected by Sunan Pakubuwana II on the advice of Tumenggung Hanggawangsa, Tumenggung Mangkuyudha, and the commander of Dutch forces, J.A.B. van Hohendorff, when to establish a new palace, after the war of Mataram succession took place in Kartasura.
At present, the name Surakarta is used in formal-governmental situations, whereas the name Sala / Solo refers more to the general mention of the background of the cultural aspect. The word sura in Javanese means "courage" and karta means "prosper", as a hope to the Almighty. It can also be said that the name Surakarta is a word game from Kartasura. The word sala, the name used for the village where the new palace was built, is the name of the sacred tree of Indian origin, the sala shorea robusta tree).
When Indonesia still adheres to Spell van Ophuysen, the name of this city is written Soerakarta. The name "Surakarta" is given as the name "graduation" for the new Mataram government center. However, a number of old records say, the form between "Salakarta".

History

Pre-independence period

The existence of this city began when Sunan Pakubuwana II, the king of Mataram Sultanate, moved the king's position from Kartasura to the village of Sala, a village not far from the edge of Bengawan Solo, as Kartasura's palace was destroyed by a rebel attack. Sunan Pakubuwana II bought the land from the village head of Sala, Kyai Sala, for 10,000 ringgit (Dutch guilders) to build a new Mataram palace. Officially, the newly named Mataram palace was named Keraton Surakarta Hadiningrat and started on 17th February 1745. This date was then designated as the anniversary of Surakarta City. The Giyanti Agreement signed by Sunan Pakubuwana III, the Netherlands and Prince Mangkubumi on 13 February 1755 divided the region of Mataram into two namely Kasunanan Surakarta and Sultanate of Yogyakarta. Furthermore, the area of Surakarta Kasunanan is decreasing, because the Salatiga Agreement which was held on 17th March 1757 caused Raden Mas Said to be recognized as an independent prince with the duchy of duchy, called Praja Mangkunegaran. As the ruler of Mangkunegaran, Raden Mas Said titled Duke of Mangkunegara I.

Independence period

Special Region of Surakarta
The political power of these two kingdoms was liquidated after the establishment of the Republic of Indonesia on 17 August 1945. For 10 months, Surakarta was a special province-level region, known as the Special Region of Surakarta.

Surakarta Residency

Furthermore, due to the growing antimonarchy movement in Surakarta and the riots, kidnappings, and murders of DIS officials, on 16 June 1946 the government disbanded DIS and deprived the powers of the kings of Kasunanan and Mangkunegaran. Susuhunan Surakarta and Duke Mangkunegaran status became common people in the community and the palace was transformed into a center of Javanese art and culture development. Then Surakarta is set to be the seat of the resident, who leads Surakarta Residency (Residentie Soerakarta) with an area of 5,677 km ². Surakarta residency consists of Surakarta Municipality areas, Karanganyar regency, Sragen regency, Wonogiri regency, Sukoharjo regency, Klaten regency, Boyolali district. June 16, 1946 is commemorated as the anniversary of Surakarta City Government of the modern era.
City of Surakarta
After Surakarta Residency was abolished on 4 July 1950, Surakarta became a city under the administration of Central Java Province. Since the enactment of the Law on Regional Government which grants many autonomous rights to local government, Surakarta becomes an autonomous city.

Geography and administration

Hydrogeology

Surakarta is located in the lowlands at an altitude of 105 m above sea level and in the city center 95 m asl, with an area of 44.1 km2 (0.14% of the area of Central Java). Surakarta is located about 65 km northeast of Yogyakarta, 100 km southeast of Semarang and 260 km southwest of Surabaya and surrounded by Mount Merbabu (3145 m high) and Merapi (2930 m high) in the west, and Mount Lawu (3265 m high) in part east. A little far south of the Sewu Mountains. The land around the city is fertile because it is surrounded by Bengawan Solo, the longest river in Java, and passed by Kali Anyar, Kali Pepe, and Kali Jenes. The spring is sourced from the slopes of Mount Merapi, totaling 19 locations, with a capacity of 3,404 l / sec. The average height of the spring is 800-1,200 m above sea level. In 1890 - 1827 there were only 12 wells in Surakarta. Currently underground water taking is around 45 l / sec located at 23 points. Groundwater collection is done by industry and society, generally illegal and uncontrolled.
As of March 2006, PDAM Surakarta has a production capacity of 865.02 liters / sec. The raw water comes from Cokrotulung spring, Klaten (387 liters / sec) located 27 km from Solo city with elevation 210,5 above sea level and from 26 deep wells, among others in Banjarsari with total capacity 478 , 02 liters / sec. In addition, the total capacity of resevoir is 9,140 m3. With the existing capacity, Surakarta PDAM is able to serve 55.22% of Surakarta community including hinterland area with average usage of 22.42 m3 / month.
The soil in Solo is meridy with a high young mineral composition as a result of volcanic activity of Merapi and Lawu. This composition, coupled with the abundant availability of water, causes the lowlands to be very good for cultivation of food crops, vegetables, and industries, such as tobacco and sugarcane. However, since the last 20 years, manufacturing and tourism industries have been growing rapidly, resulting in changes in land use for industrial and residential activities.

Climate and topography

According to Koppen's climate classification, Surakarta has a tropical monsoon climate. Just like other cities in Indonesia, the rainy season in Solo starts from October to March, and the dry season is April to September. The average rainfall in Solo is 2,200 mm, and the highest month of rainfall is December, January, and February. The air temperature is relatively consistent throughout the year, with an average temperature of 30 degrees Celsius. The highest air temperature is 32.5 degrees Celsius, while the terenda is 21.0 degrees Celsius. Average air pressure is 1010.9 MBS with 75% air humidity. Wind speed 4 Knots with wind direction 240 degrees.

Administrative boundaries

The city of Surakarta lies between 110 45` 15 "- 110 45` 35" East Longitude and 70`36 "- 70` 56" South Latitude and is adjacent to Karanganyar and Boyolali districts in the north, Karanganyar and Sukoharjo regencies in the east and west, and Sukoharjo regency in the south. In each of the city limits is the Kasunanan Gate which was established around 1931-1932 during the reign of Sunan Pakubuwana X in Kasunanan Surakarta. Kasunanan Gate was established as a barrier as well as the entrance gate of the royal capital (Surakarta City) with the surrounding area. Kasunanan Gate is not only established on the connecting road, but also established on the edge of the river Bengawan Solo which at that time became a pier and crossing (in Mojo / Silir).
Size Gapura Kasunanan consists of two sizes that are large and small. The large size Kasapanan Gate was erected on a big road. Large size Kasapanan gate can be seen in Grogol (south), Jajar (west), and Jurug (east). While the small size Kasapanan Gap can be seen in the area of Kandang Sapi Hospital (north), Baki road in Solo Baru (south), Makamhaji (west), and in Mojo / Silir. The large Kasunanan arches also have an archaic time stamp.

Administrative division

Surakarta City Hall.
The city of Surakarta and its surrounding districts, Karanganyar, Sragen, Wonogiri, Sukoharjo, Klaten, Boyolali, are collectively still often referred to as Surakarta residency. Surakarta is divided into 5 districts, each headed by a district head and 51 sub-districts, each headed by a lurah. The five sub-districts in Surakarta are:
Kecamatan Pasar Kliwon (57110): 9 urban villages
District Jebres (57120): 11 urban villages
Banjarsari Sub-district (57130): 13 urban villages
District Lawiyan (also called Laweyan, 57140): 11 villages
District Serengan (57150): 7 villages

Satellite city

Surakarta and its satellite cities (Kartasura, Solo Baru, Palur, Colomadu, Baki, Ngemplak) are areas of mutual integration with each other. Solo Raya is unique because of its own area of Surakarta city which is only 44 sq. Km and surrounded by its buffer cities, each of which is approximately half the size of the city of Surakarta and directly adjacent to form a unified central city area.
Solo Baru (Soba) is an expansion area of the city of Solo. New Solo apart from being one of the satellite cities of Surakarta City is also a residential area for the workers or perpetrators of economic activities in Surakarta. In New Solo there are many medium and luxurious housing, therefore New Solo is also an elite residential area. In New Solo there is also a Carrefour supermarket. Pandawa waterboom which is the largest waterboom in Central Java and Yogyakarta is in this area. Although it is included in the Sukoharjo District region but economically and politically Solo Baru is closer to Surakarta City, because its city location is directly adjacent to Surakarta City, there has even been a discourse about the merger of satellite city area around Surakarta including Solo Baru to put in its territory. The total area of Surakarta City and its buffer areas is currently about 150 km² with a population of about 1 million people.

Government

Surakarta is located in Central Java Province. Prior to joining Indonesia, Surakarta was governed by Susuhunan Surakarta and Adipati Mangkunegaran. When controlled by the Dutch, Surakarta is known as a Vorstenland or royal territory. Surakarta Kasunanan ruler today is Sunan Pakubuwana XIII, and the current ruler of Mangkunegaran Praja is Duke of Mangkunegara IX. The two rulers of this ceremonial monarchy have no political power in Surakarta.
The juridical city of Surakarta was formed based on Government Decision of 1946 Number 16 / SD, which was announced on 15 July. With various considerations of previous historical factors, dated June 16, 1946 set as the anniversary of the Local Government of Surakarta City.

Nickname and motto

Surakarta has the slogan "Berseri". "Serenity" itself is an acronym of "Clean, Healthy, Neat, and Beautiful", as the slogan for the beauty of the city. For the benefit of tourism marketing, Surakarta took the slogan of Solo tourism, The Spirit of Java as an effort to image the city of Surakarta as the center of Javanese culture. Solo The Spirit of Java slogan was obtained from the contest held by the Government of Surakarta on October 4 until November 14, 2005 which was won by Dwi Endang Setyorini (citizen Giriroto, Ngemplak, Boyolali). The logo is performed by the award-winning advertising company, Freshblood Indonesia (Surakarta) and is accompanied by an Optimaxi design consultant team (Jakarta) under the supervision of GTZ in a series of Regional Economic Development (RED) or GTZ-RED programs.
Logo design takes place about six months in Surakarta. During this period a consultation session was held with the Inter-Agency Coordination Board (BKAD) and community leaders, whose socialization peak was held at the Hotel Quality Ballroom (The Sunan Hotel today), attended by various groups as the representation of Solo Raya area.
The designer team works with the provisions of the contest slogan and required to describe the concept of Spirit of Java in a visual form. Visual identity in the form of writing "Solo" along with the slogan underneath it with an accent the letter "O" shaped niches obtained from the extraction of visual concepts that reflect the impression of Java in appearance. Niches in the logo may remind people of keris, batik, or furniture ornaments that refer to the region (Java).
In addition, the city of Surakarta also has several nicknames, including the City of Batik, City of Culture, City Liwet. Surakarta residents referred to as Solo wong, and the term Solo princess is also widely used to refer to women who have characteristics similar to women from Surakarta.

The economy and trade

Batik industry became one of the typical industries of Surakarta. Batik and batik trade centers include Laweyan and Kauman. Klewer market as well as some other traditional batik market became one of the trading centers of batik in Indonesia. Trading in Surakarta is under the auspices of the Industry and Trade Service.
In addition to Pasar Klewer, Surakarta also has many traditional markets, including Gedhe Market (Big Market), Legi Market, and Flower Market. Other traditional markets use names in Javanese, such as market names (days) in Javanese: Pon Market, Legi Market, while Kliwon Market is now the name of the district and the name of the market itself is transformed into Sangkrah Market. In addition there is also an antique market that became a tourist destination, namely Triwindu Market / Windu Jenar (every Saturday night converted into Ngarsopuro Market) and Keris Market and Souvenirs Alun-Alun Surakarta Royal Palace.
Surakarta city business center is located along Jalan Slamet Riyadi. Several banks, hotels, shopping centers, international restaurants, to tourist and entertainment destinations are located along this protocol road, including Graha Soloraya, Loji Gandrung (the mayor's house). On Sunday morning, the streets of Slamet Riyadi are specifically closed for motor vehicles, to be used as a Solo Car Free Day event, as part of the local government's determination to reduce pollution. Some modern malls in Surakarta include Solo Square, Solo Grand Mall (SGM), Solo Paragon, Solo Center Point (SCP), Singosaren Plaza, Solo Wholesale Center (PGS), Beteng Trade Center (BTC), Hartono Mall Solo Baru, Center Shopping Luwes (Queen Luwes, Sami Luwes, Luwes Sangkrah, Ivory Luwes, Luwes Nusukan, Luwes Mojosongo, Luwes Palur), and Palur Plaza.
As one of the advanced cities, of course in Surakarta has also been established lodging business from homestay start, inn, jasmine star class to four-star hotels and 5 (five) of them are Red Planet (2 star hotel, Mangkubumen), Amarelo Hotel (3 star hotel, Kemlayan), Grand Amira Hotel (2 star hotel, Kliwon Market), Amaris Hotel (2 star hotel, Sriwedari), Grand Orchid Hotel (3 star hotel, Timuran), The Sunan Hotel (4 star hotel, Kerten), Hotel Sahid Jaya (5 star hotel, Timuran), Simple In Solo (1 star hotel, Manahan), Novotel (4 stars hotel, Timuran)
Surakarta has several factories that employ large numbers of employees including Sritex, Konimex, and Jamu Air Mancur. In addition there are still many other factories in Palur industrial zone. Batik industry also became one of the typical industries of Surakarta.

Diversity

The historical building in Surakarta is diverse, reflecting the diversity of beliefs held by the Surakarta community, ranging from the largest and most sacred mosque located in the western part of the Northern Square of Kasunanan Palace, Surakarta, the Surakarta Grand Mosque built around 1763 on the initiative of Sunan Pakubuwana III, Al Wustho Mangkunegaran Mosque, Laweyan Mosque which is the oldest mosque in Surakarta, St. Peter on Jl. Slamet Riyadi, St. Antonius Purbayan, to Tri Dharma Tien Kok Sie Temple, Am Po Kian Temple, and Sahasra Adhi Pura.
In addition to being inhabited by the Javanese Tribe, there are many ethnic Chinese, and Arabs residing in Surakarta. Although there is no exact data on the number of each ethnic and religious beliefs in the last census (2010), they are mixed among the people of Surakarta in general.
Arab settlements occupy three urban villages, namely Kelurahan Pasar Kliwon, Semanggi and Kedung Lumbu in Pasar Kliwon Sub-district The placement of Arab villages in groups has been arranged since ancient times to facilitate the arrangement for foreign ethnic in Surakarta and for the realization of order and security. Ethnic Arabs have begun to arrive in the estimated Kliwon Market since the 19th century. The establishment of the village in Pasar Kliwon, other than caused by the existence of settlement politics in the royal period, is also inseparable from the policy of the colonial government. Warto in his research mentions in 1984, the number of Arab descendants is 1877 inhabitants, while the number of Chinese citizens is 103 inhabitants. Based on the monograph data of Kelurahan Kelurahan Pasar Kliwon in 2005, mentioned that the number of Arab descendants is 1,775 people, while the Chinese descent is 135 soul. From these data can be seen a decrease in the number of people of Arab descent in Pasar Kliwon. This is because the land in Kelurahan Pasar Kliwon increasingly narrow so that there is movement in other areas.
Meanwhile, the Chinese village is mostly focused in Balong, Coyudan and Keprabon areas. This can be seen with the building of temples and places of worship, such as Tien Kok Sie Temple.

Transportation

The city of Surakarta lies in the meeting between the southern route of Java and the Semarang-Madiun line, which makes its strategic position as a transit city. The railway line from the northern route and the southern route of Java is also connected in this city. Currently a toll road - Semarang - Solo Toll Road - which connects to Semarang is in the process of development.
Airplane
Adi Sumarmo International Airport (SOC code, formerly called "Panasan") is located 14 kilometers north of the city of Surakarta. Administratively this air banda is located outside the city limits of Surakarta, precisely at the border of Karanganyar and Boyolali districts. The airport is linked to Jakarta (8-flights a day), Surabaya, Bandung, Denpasar -Bali, Batam, Balikpapan, Lombok, Banjarmasin, Pontianak, Palangkaraya, Makasar, Kupang, Tarakan, Kuala Lumpur, Singapore & Bandar Seri Begawan, (during the Hajj season). Adi Sumarmo Airport is currently one of Lion Air's airline hubs or airport collectors. Air travel time with Jakarta takes approximately one hour. Some of the airlines that serve routes from / to the city of Surakarta include Garuda Indonesia, Sriwijaya Air, Lion Air, Air Asia, Malaysia Airlines, Singapore Airlines & Royal Brunei Airlines. Adi Sumarmo Airport is also the center of hajj departure and departure from Donohudan Hajj Dormitory, Boyolali.

Read to : Serimpi dance, a traditional dance from Java, Indonesia

Tourism

Surakarta is also known as a tourist destination that is usually visited by tourists from big cities. Usually tourists who vacation to Yogyakarta will also stop in Surakarta, or vice versa. The main tourist destinations of Surakarta are Surakarta Palace, Pura Mangkunegaran, and batik villages and traditional markets.
In Surakarta there are several citywalk destinations for pedestrians and cyclists, among others in the Ngarsopuro corridor, along Slamet Riyadi Road (6-7 km long and 3 m wide), and along Jalan Perintis Kemerdekaan. Places designated as citywalk should not be passed by motor vehicles.

Natural tourism

Nature tourism around Surakarta include Tawangmangu Tourism Area (located in Karanganyar District), Selo Tourism Area (located in Boyolali District), Agrowisata Kemuning Tea Garden, Jumog Waterfall, Parang Ijo Waterfall, Segoro Gunung Waterfall, Grojogan Sewu , and others. In addition in Karanganyar District, precisely on the slopes of Mount Lawu, there are several temples of Hindu-Buddhist cultural heritage, such as Sukuh Temple, Cetho Temple, Monkey Temple, and others.

Festivals and celebrations

Every year on certain dates the Keraton Surakarta and Pura Mangkunegaran hold various interesting celebrations. The celebration is based on Javanese calendar. The celebrations include:

• Kirab Pusaka Malam 1 Sura

The event was organized by Surakarta and Pura Mangkunegaran Palace on the eve of the 1st Sura. The event is aimed to celebrate the New Year of Java 1 Sura. The route taken by the carnival organized by the Surakarta Palace more or less as far as 3 km namely Keraton Surakarta - North Square - Gladag - Jl. Mayor Kusmanto - Jl. Captain Mulyadi - Jl. Veteran - Jl. Yos Sudarso - Jl. Slamet Riyadi - Gladag then returned to Keraton Surakarta again. The magical heirlooms were brought by the courtiers dressed in Jawi Jangkep. Participants of the procession in the front row is a group of albino buffalo (kebo bule) named Kyai Slamet heritage buffalo, while the ranks of heritage bearers are behind

• Sekaten

Sekaten held every month Mulud to commemorate the birth of Prophet Muhammad SAW. On 12 Mulud Grebeg Mulud was held. Then held a folk party for two weeks. For two weeks this folk party was held in the North Square. The festivities present a night market, a children's playground and art and acrobatics shows. On the last day of sekaten, held back grebeg event in North Square. Sekat ceremony was first held during the reign of Sultanate of Demak.

• Grebeg Sudiro

Grebeg Sudiro was held to commemorate the Lunar New Year with a blend of Chinese-Javanese culture. Festival that started since 2007 is usually centered in the area of Pasar Gedhe and Balong (in Sudiroprajan Village) and Surakarta City Hall.

• Grebeg Mulud

Held every 12th of Mulud to commemorate the day of Maulud Prophet Muhammad SAW. Grebeg Mulud is part of Sekaten celebration. In this ceremony the courtiers in court dressed Jawi Jangkep Sowan Keraton paraded a gunungan (pareden) from the Palace Surakarta to the Great Mosque of Surakarta. The Gunungan is made from various kinds of vegetables and traditional snacks. After prayed by ngulamadalem (clerical keraton), a gunungan will then be contested by the visitors community and one more fruit brought back to the palace to be distributed to the courtiers.

• Living in Jumenengan

Held every 2nd of Ruwah to commemorate the anniversary of the coronation of Sri Susuhunan Surakarta. In this event the king sits on a dampar (throne) in Pendapa Agung Sasana Sewaka by being confronted by the courtiers and nobles while watching the sacred dance, Bedhaya Ketawang Dance, which is danced by nine unmarried young women. The dancers consist of the wayahdalem, sentanadalem, and other kin kings or can also dancers who meet the prescribed requirements.

• Grebeg Pasa

Grebeg is held to welcome Idul Fitri 1 Syawal Day. This event took place after performing Salat Ied. The procession of the show is the same as Grebeg Mulud ie the abdi dalem mengarak mountungan from Surakarta to Surakarta Mosque Surakarta to be prayed by the cleric of the palace then distributed to the visitors community.

• Syawalan

Syawalan started one day after Eid al-Fitr and took place at Taman Satwataru Jurug on the edge of Bengawan Solo. At the peak of the event "Gethek Jaka Tingkir Gethek" held a distribution of ketupat in the visitors community. At syawalan event also held various kinds of traditional art performances.

• Great Grebeg

Takes place on Eid al-Adha (on the 10th). The ceremony is the same as the mountain procession on Grebeg Pasa and Grebeg Mulud.

• Solo Batik Carnival

Solo Batik Carnival or Solo Batik Carnival is an annual festival held by the government of Surakarta City by using batik as the main material of costume making. The carnival participants will create a carnival costume with the themes specified. Participants will wear their own costumes and walk on the catwalk located on Jalan Slamet Riyadi. This carnival is held annually in June since 2008.

• Solo Batik Fashion

Similarly Solo Batik Fashion is an annual batik fashion show organized by the government in open places in order to be enjoyed by all Surakarta residents. This batik demonstration is held every year in July since 2009.

• Culinary tour

A row of traditional Surakarta food vendors in Galabo.
Solo or Surakarta and its surroundings are famous for its many traditional culinary jajanan. Among others: Sate Kambing, Nasi Liwet, Timlo Solo, Nasi Gudeg, Gudeg Ceker, pecel nDeso, Cabuk Rambak, Bestik Solo, Solo Strait, Mie Ayam, Bakso, Srabi Solo, Intip, tengkleng, Mandarin Roti, Saus Solo, Goat Guling, Satay Buntel, Sate Kere, Sop Manten, Bakmi Ketoprak, etc.
Some of Surakarta's unique drinks include: wedang asle is a warm drink with sticky rice, wedang dawet gempol pleret (gempol made from rice flour, while platters are made from sticky rice and brown sugar), herbal rice kencur, which is different from health herbal medicine others because of its sweet taste, etc. Meanwhile, the Gladag corridor is changed every night into the largest hawker center in Surakarta City with the name Galabo (Gladang Langen Bogan)
Architecture and historical relics
Because of its history, there are many historic buildings in Surakarta, ranging from buildings of worship, public buildings, palaces, to military buildings. In addition to Keraton Surakarta (built 1745) and Pura Mangkunagaran (built 1757), there is also Vastenburg Fort Dutch heritage, and Loji Gandrung which is currently used as the residence of the Mayor of Surakarta. Previously, the Colonial relic which is still intact is in addition to being used as the residence of Dutch government officials, is also often used for dance-dansi European style and Javanese nobility, so-called "Gandrung".
In 1997 it has recorded 70 historical heritages in Surakarta that include historic sites, traditional houses, colonial buildings, places of worship, gates, monuments, street furniture, and city parks.
Surakarta city landscape is also known to have no skyscrapers. But since 2010, in Surakarta there is a skyscraper apartment, the Solo Paragon.

Museums and libraries

The most comprehensive batik museum in Indonesia, the House of Danar Hadi, and the oldest museum in Indonesia, the Radya Pustaka Museum, located on Jalan Slamet Riyadi, Surakarta. Museum Radya Pustaka built on 28 October 1890 by KRA. Sosrodiningrat IV, pepatih dalem during the reign of Sunan Pakubuwana IX and Sunan Pakubuwana X, this museum has ancient artifacts of Javanese culture and located in the complex of Taman Budaya Budaya Sriwedari. [49] There are also Surakarta Palace Museum (including Sasana Pustaka library), Mangkunegaran Temple Museum (including library of Reksa Pustaka), Press Museum, Sangiran Museum (located in Sragen Regency), and Dullah Painting Museum.
In addition to the museum, there is also a cultural site named Balai Sudjatmoko. This building is Sudjatmoko's house which in it can still be seen the works and relics of Sudjatmoko both in the form of books, glasses, toga, and original photographs of the personal collection of the Sudjatmoko family. Hall Sudjatmoko functioned by the organizers as a center of appreciation both staging, performances, exhibitions, book review and workshops. The artists are also given wide opportunity to utilize Hall Sudjatmoko to perform art appreciation in the form of exhibition exhibition either painting, sculpture, craft until educational exhibition. In addition, this Hall can also be used as an alternative vehicle for non-art learning.

Culture

Surakarta is known as one of the core of Javanese culture because it is traditionally one of the center of politics and development of Javanese tradition. The prosperity of this region since the nineteenth century has prompted the development of Javanese literature, dance, culinary arts, fashion, architecture, and various other cultural expressions. One knows the cultural "rivalry" between Surakarta and Yogyakarta, giving birth to what is known as "Surakarta Style" and "Yogyakarta Style" in fashion, dance, batik,

Language

The language used in Surakarta is the Java language dialect Mataraman with Surakarta variant. Mataraman dialect is also spoken in Yogyakarta, Semarang, Madiun, up to most of Kediri. Nevertheless, this local variant of Surakarta is known as a "subtle variant" because of the use of widespread krama words in everyday conversations, wider than those used elsewhere. The Java language of the Surakarta variant is used as a national Javanese language standard (and internationally, as in Suriname). Some words are also subject to specifications, such as the full pronunciation of the word "inggih" ("ya" form krama), different from some other variants that pronounce "injih", such as in Yogyakarta and Magelang. In many ways, the Surakarta variant is closer to the Madiun-Kediri variant than any other variant of the Central Javanese region.
Although in daily life, the people of Surakarta use the Indonesian language, but since the leadership of Joko Widodo's mayor, the Java language has been re-enforced in public places, including the names of street names and the names of government agencies and private businesses.
Surakarta also plays a role in the formation of Indonesian language as the national language of Indonesia. In 1938, in commemoration of the ten years of the Youth Pledge, the Indonesian Congress of I in Surakarta was held. This congress was attended by leading speakers and culturalists at the time, such as Prof. Dr. Hoesein Djajadiningrat, Prof. Dr. Poerbatjaraka, and Ki Hajar Dewantara. In the congress was generated some very big decisions for the growth and development of Indonesian language.

Batik

Batik is a fabric with a specific pattern or motif produced from special wax material written or stamped on the cloth, although now many batik fabrics are made with the print process. Surakarta has many typical batik patterns, such as Sidomukti and Sidoluruh. Some famous batik business is Batik Keris, Danarhadi Batik, and Batik Semar. While for the middle class can visit the batik trading center in the city are in Klewer Market, Solo Wholesale Center (PGS), Beteng Trade Center (BTC), or Ria Batik. In addition there are also Laweyan Village Batik Village, which is the area of batik industrial center that has existed since the time of the Kingdom of Pajang in 1546. Another famous batik kampun for tourists is Kampung Batik Kauman. Kauman Kampung batik products are made using natural silk material and silk weaving, premise and prime cotton, rayon. The uniqueness offered to the tourists is the ease of transactions while looking at the production house where batik activities take place. That is, visitors have a wide opportunity to know directly the process of making batik even to try to practice batik activities themselves.
Batik Surakarta has typical processing characteristics: brownish color (sogan) that fill the free space of color, different from the style of Yogyakarta, the free space is brighter color. Color selection tends to be dark, following the tendency of inland batik. Types of batik materials vary, ranging from silk to cotton, and the way of work is also various, ranging from batik tulis to batik cap.