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Makassar City (formerly Ujung Pandang) is the capital of South Sulawesi province. Makassar is the largest metropolitan city in eastern Indonesia and has in the past been the capital of the State of East Indonesia and Sulawesi Province. Makassar is located on the southwest coast of Sulawesi Island and borders Makassar Strait in the west, Pangkajene Islands Regency in the north, Maros regency in the east and Gowa regency in the south.
From the aspect of development and infrastructure, the city of Makassar is one of the metropolitan cities in Indonesia, the largest city outside Java after Medan. With an area of 199.26 km² and a population of more than 1.6 million people, the city is ranked fifth largest city in Indonesia after Jakarta, Surabaya, Bandung and Medan. Demographically, the city belongs to a multi ethnic or multi-cultural type with various ethnic groups residing in it, among which significant numbers are Bugis, Toraja, Mandar, Buton, Java, and Tionghoa. Makassar typical food that is commonly found in remote corners of the city is Coto Makassar, Roti Maros, Jalangkote, Bassang, Cake Tori, Palubutung, Banana Ijo, Sop Saudara and Konro Sop.
History
The name Makassar has been mentioned in pupuh 14/3 Nagarakretagama works by Mpu Prapanca in the 14th century, as one of the conquered areas of Majapahit. Nevertheless, the 9th King of Gowa Tumaparisi Kallonna (1510-1546) is thought to be the first person who actually developed the city of Makassar. He moved the royal center from the hinterland to the coast, built a fortress at the mouth of the Jeneberang River, and appointed a shahbandar to regulate trade.
In the 16th century, Makassar became the dominant trade center in Eastern Indonesia, as well as being one of the largest cities in Southeast Asia. The kings of Makassar applied a strict free trade policy, in which all visitors to Makassar were entitled to trade there and reject the VOC (Dutch) effort to obtain monopoly rights in the city.
Moreover, tolerant attitude towards religion means that although Islam is increasingly becoming the main religion in the region, Christians and other faiths can still trade in Makassar. This made Makassar an important center for Malays who worked in trade in the Maluku Islands and also became an important base for traders from Europe and Arabia.All these privileges are inseparable from the wisdom of King Gowa-Tallo who ruled at that time (Sultan Alauddin, King of Gowa, and Sultan Awalul Islam, King Tallo).
The control of the Makassar rulers is declining as the stronger Dutch influence in the region and the strengthening of the monopoly politics of the Dutch spice trade through the VOC. In 1669, the Netherlands, together with La Tenri Tatta Arung Palakka and some kingdoms of Dutch allies Conducted an assault on the Gowa-Tallo Islamic empire which they regarded as the greatest Barrier Stone to master the spices of eastern Indonesia. After an all-out war defending the kingdom against some royal coalition led by the Dutch, finally Gowa-Tallo (Makassar) was pressed and forced to sign the Bongaya Treaty.
Naming
The city was formerly named Ujung Pandang and used from about 1971 until 1999. The reason to change the name of Makassar to Ujung Pandang is the political reason, partly because Makassar is the name of a tribe when not all residents of Makassar are members of the ethnic Makassar .
The Second World War and the establishment of the Republic of Indonesia once again changed the face of Makassar. The abandonment of most of its foreigners in 1949 and the nationalization of foreign companies in the late 1950s brought it back to a provincial city. In fact, Makassar's native nature was even more disappearing with the arrival of new citizens from rural areas trying to save themselves from the turmoil caused by post-revolutionary upheavals. Between the 1930s and 1961 the population increased from about 90,000 to nearly 400,000, more than half of newcomers from out of town. This is reflected in the name change of the city to Ujung Pandang based on the nickname "Jumpandang" which for centuries marked the city of Makassar for the inland people in 1971. New in 1999 the city was re-named Makassar, exactly 13 October based on Government Regulation No. 86 1999 Name Ujung Pandang returned to the City of Makassar and according to Local Government Act area of the area increased approximately 4 miles towards the sea 10,000 Ha, to 27,577Ha.
Ujung Pandang itself is the name of a village within the area of Makassar City. Starting near Ujung Pandang Fort now, lie a promontory overlaid with pandanus clumps. Now the cape is no more. The name Ujung Pandang began to be known during the reign of King Gowa X, Tunipalangga which in 1545 established Ujung Pandang fort as the completion of fortresses of the existing kingdom of Gowa, including Barombong, Somba Opu, Panakukang and other small fortresses.
After the outside of the fort was completed, a typical Gowa (Ballak Lompoa) building was built inside it made of wood. While in the vicinity of the fortress formed a village that increasingly crowded. There Jourpandan village (Juppandang). While the Castle used as a small town on the beach Losari.
A few years later Ujung Pandang fortress fell into the hands of the Dutch, after the war of Makassar, with the approval of Bungaya Treaty of 1667, the fort was handed over. Then Speelmen changed his name to Fort Rotterdam. The Gowa-patterned buildings at Fort Rotterdam are slowly being replaced by Western-style buildings as we can see today.
The name of Makassar City changed to Ujung Pandang occurred on August 31, 1971, based on Government Regulation no. 51 in 1971. At that time the city of Makassar was expanded from 21 square kilometers to 115.87 Kilometers square, consisting of 11 districts and 62 neighborhoods with a population of about 700 thousand inhabitants. This pemekaran adopted part of the three districts of Maros, Gowa and Pangkajene Islands. As a "compensation" the name of Makassar changed to Ujung Pandang.
About the historic incident, the Mayor of Makassar H.M.Daeng Patompo (alm) argued "forced" to approve the changes, for the expansion of the city area. For Gowa Regent Colonel K.S. Mas'ud and Regent Maros Colonel H.M. Kasim DM strongly opposed the pemekaran. Fortunately, the conflict can be muted after Pangkowilhan III Lieutenant General Kemal Idris became mediator, the second result of the Regent of the area, willing to give up some of its territory as long as the name of Makassar replaced.
Since the beginning of the process of changing the name Makassar into Ujung Pandang, has received protests from among the public. Closely among culturalists, artists, historians, lawyers and pebisinis. Even when it was briefed Petisi Makassar by Prof.Dr.Andi Zainal Abidin Farid SH, Prof.Dr.Mattulada and Drs.H.D.Mangemba, from Makassar petition declaration this polemic about the name continues to flow in the form of seminars, workshops and so on.
Several seminars discussing the polemic of the Makassar substitution include:
Makassar seminar which was held on 21 March 1981 at Hotel Raodah, organized by SOKSI Sulsel.
Discussion panel Shining Makassar held November 10, 1991 in the building People's Daily III floor. "Makassar Birthday Search Seminar", August 21, 1995 at Makassar Golden Hotel.
However, neither the local government nor the local parliament has been moved to restore the name of Makassar to the capital of South Sulawesi Province. The fate of the city "Daeng" is almost uncertain, until finally dipenghujung the term of President BJ Habibie, Makassar's name is returned, without going through a convoluted process.
In the consideration of Government Regulation no. 86 of 1999, among which states that the change is a manifestation of the wishes of Ujung Pandang people with the support of Parliament Ujung Pandang and this change in line with Article 5 paragraph (3) of Law RI Number 22 of 1999, that the change of name of the region, stipulated by Government Regulation .
Along with the change and restore the name of Makassar, Ujung Pandang name is now a memory and then all elements of urban society ranging from the humanist, the government and the community then conduct penelaj and review of history of Makassar, the result of Local Government Number 1 Year 2000, set the Day of Makassar, dated November 9, 1607. And for the first time Makassar City Anniversary to 393, commemorated on 9 November 2000. The name Makassar comes from a word in Makassar "Mangkasarak" which means the self or open.
Transportation
Sea
Soekarno-Hatta Makassar Makassar In Makassar, Soekarno-Hatta became the name of the port, especially the port for passenger ships and passenger terminals. The port is managed by PT Pelabuhan Indonesia IV (Pelindo IV).
In this passenger harbor area is the Babussalam Mosque. The mosque was inaugurated by President Megawati, coinciding with the inauguration of Makassar Container Terminal, on July 21, 2001. While at the northern end of the harbor, or the end of the Nusantara road, there was the start of Reform Toll Road (Makassar Ringway) connecting the port area with the city center.
Air
The city of Makassar has an international airport, Sultan Hasanuddin International Airport which on 26 September 2008 was inaugurated by the President of Indonesia Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono indicating that at that time the Sultan Hasanuddin International Airport was fully operational where it had previously operated but only partially. Hasanuddin Airport also has a special airport taxi with prices varying according to the region of the intended area as well as special shuttle buses that serve the route from and to the new airport. Even many dark taxis are also offering services to passengers who just arrived in Makassar. In 2009 it is expected that the new runway will be completed and can be used.
Land
Pete-pete is an angkot designation in Makassar and its surroundings. Pete-pete red is an angkot originating from Gowa Regency and serves inter-city transportation, while pete-pete blue is an angkot originating from Makassar City itself and only serves transportation in Makassar area only.
Economy
Economic growth rate Makassar is ranked highest in Indonesia. In the last five years, the average economic growth of Makassar City is above 9%. Even in 2008, economic growth of Makassar City reached 10.83%. The rapid economic growth of the time, along with the onslaught of infrastructure development that encouraged economic turnover, such as the construction of Sultan Hasanuddin International Airport, toll roads and World Class Trans Studio facilities in Tanjung Bunga Mandiri City.
Tourism, Art and Culture
Art and culture
The traditional game attraction "Ma'raga"
It is a show of ball game that is moved from foot to foot or to hand, the show is played with joy. The players use traditional clothes such as passapu and sarong, usually played by 6 players. This performance will be more interesting when the players start supporting each other up to the higher and still skillful to play the ball and not fall to the ground.
Folk game attraction "Mappadendang"
Magical Dance "Pepe-pepeki ri Makka"
Bissu ritual dance "Ma'giri"
The drummer "Gandrang Bulo"
Traditional dances such as Pakarena Dance
Tourist attraction
Modern Makassar has many tourist attractions that are used for the entertainment needs of the people of Makassar as well as for tourists who come from cities and other countries. Some of the most popular amongst the maassar are:
Losari beach
Fort Rotterdam
Fort Rotterdam Fort is one of the strongholds in South Sulawesi that can be considered magnificent and charming. This fortress is a historical heritage of Gowa Sultanate, this Sultanate had triumphed around the 17th century with the capital city of Makassar. The Sultanate actually has 17 forts surrounding the entire capital city. However, Fort Rotterdam Fort is the most magnificent fortress among other fortresses and its authenticity is still preserved today.
Akarena Beach
Lae-Lae Island
Khayangan Island
Samalona Island
Barombong Beach
Tomb of the Tallo Kings
Port of Paotere
garden Tomb of Heroes
Trans Studio (Indoor Theme Park largest in Indonesia)
Lakkang Delta Tourism Village
Kapoposang Island
Galesong North Beach
Fort Panyua
The walls of this fort are steadily towering as high as 5 meters with a wall thickness of about 2 meters, with a small main door. When viewed from the air of this fort is a square like a turtle that wants to enter into the beach. Because this fort looks like a turtle, sometimes also this fort is also called the Castle Panynyua (Turtle). This fort has 5 Bastion, which is a stronger building and its position is higher in every corner of the fort which is usually placed canon or cannon on it.
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