Prof. Dr.-Ing. H. Bacharuddin Jusuf Habibie, born in Parepare, South Sulawesi, June 25, 1936; Age 81 is the third President of the Republic of Indonesia. He succeeded Suharto who resigned from the post of president on 21 May 1998. His post was replaced by Abdurrahman Wahid (Gus Dur) who was elected president on October 20, 1999 by the MPR election results 1999. By taking office for 2 months and 7 days as vice president, And 1 year and 5 months as president, Habibie is the Vice President and President of Indonesia with the shortest term. Currently, his name is immortalized as the name of one of the universities in Gorontalo, replacing the name of Universitas Negeri Gorontalo
B.J. Habibie married Hasri Ainun Besari on May 12, 1962, and was blessed with two sons, Ilham Akbar Habibie and Thareq Kemal Habibie.
He once learned in SMAK Dago. He studied mechanical engineering at the University of Bandung Bandung (now the Bandung Institute of Technology) in 1954. In 1955-1965 he continued his aviation engineering studies, specializing in aircraft construction, at RWTH Aachen, West Germany, receiving an Ingenieur diploma degree in 1960 and an Ingenieur doctorate In 1965 with the summa cum laude predicate.
He served as Minister of State for Research and Technology from 1978 to March 1998. Prior to serving as President (May 21, 1998 - October 20, 1999), B.J. Habibie was Vice President (March 14, 1998 - May 21, 1998) in the VII Development Cabinet under President Soeharto. He was appointed chairman of ICMI (Indonesian Muslim Intellectual Association), during his tenure as minister.
In the era of his short rule he succeeded in providing a solid foundation for Indonesia, in the era of Anti-Monopoly Law or the Law of Fair Competition, the change of Political Party Law and the most important is the Regional Autonomy Law. Through the implementation of the regional autonomy law, the disintegration fluctuation inherited since the New Order era was successfully muted and finally completed in the era of President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, without any regional autonomy law it is certain that Indonesia will suffer the same fate as the Soviet Union and Yugoslavia.
Appointment of B.J. Habibie as President raises various controversies for the people of Indonesia. The pro party considers Habibie's appointment to be constitutional. This is in accordance with the provisions of Article 8 of the 1945 Constitution stating that "if the President dies, stops, or can not perform his duties in his term of office, he shall be replaced by the Vice President until expired". While the counter party considers that the appointment of B.J. Habibie is considered unconstitutional. This is contrary to the provisions of Article 9 of the 1945 Constitution which states that "before the president takes office, the president must swear an oath or pledge in front of the MPR or DPR".
The steps taken by BJ Habibie in politics are:
Giving freedom to the people to channel their aspirations so that many emerging new political parties as many as 48 political parties.
Freeing political prisoners such as Sri Bintang Pamungkas (former member of the House who was imprisoned for criticizing President Suharto) and Muchtar Pakpahan (the labor leader who was sentenced for allegedly sparking riots in Medan in 1994)
Revoke the ban on the establishment of independent trade unions
Establish three democratic laws:
- UU no. 2 of 1999 on Political Parties
- UU no. 3 of 1999 on General Election
- UU no. 4 of 1999 on the Composition of the House of Representative / People's Consultative Assembly
Establish 12 MPR Decrees and there are 4 provisions that reflect the answers to the demands of reform:
- MPR Decree No. VIII / MPR / 1998, concerning the revocation of Tap No. IV / MPR / 1983 on Referendum
- MPR Decree No. XVIII / MPR / 1998, concerning the revocation of MPR Decree No. II / MPR / 1978 on Pancasila as a single principle
- MPR Decree No. XII / MPR / 1998, concerning the revocation of MPR Decree No. V / MPR / 1978 on the President gets the mandate of the MPR to have rights and policies outside the limits of legislation
- MPR Decree No. XIII / MPR / 1998, on the limitation of the term of office of President and Vice President is maximum only two periods.
12 MPR Decrees include:
- MPR Decree No. X / MPR / 1998, on the main points of development reform in the context of the saving and normalization of national life as the direction of the state.
- MPR Decree No. XI / MPR / 1998, on the administration of a clean and corruption-free country, collusion and nepotism
- MPR Decree No. XIII / MPR / 1998, regarding the limitation of the term of office of the President and Vice President of the Republic of Indonesia
- MPR Decree No. XV / MPR / 1998, regarding the implementation of regional autonomy
- MPR Decree No. XVI / MPR / 1998, on economic politics in the framework of economic democracy
- MPR Decree No. XVII / MPR / 1998, on Human Rights (HAM)
- MPR Decree No. VII / MPR / 1998, concerning the amendment and supplement to MPR Decree No. I / MPR / 1998 on the rules of the MPR
- MPR Decree No. XIV / MPR / 1998, concerning General Election
- MPR Decree No. III / V / MPR / 1998, regarding the referendum
- MPR Decree No. IX / MPR / 1998, on the GBHN
- MPR Decree No. XII / MPR / 1998 concerning the assignment of special duty and authority to the President / mandate of the People's Consultative Assembly in order to succeed and safeguard the national development as the implementation of Pancasila
- MPR Decree No. XVIII / MPR / 1998, concerning the revocation of the Guidance of Practice and the Application of Pancasila (P4)
In the economic field, he managed to cut the rupiah against the dollar is still between Rp 10,000 - Rp 15,000. But at the end of his reign, especially after his accountability was rejected by the MPR, the rupiah's exchange rate skyrocketed to Rp 6500 per US dollar value that will never be achieved again in the next administration era. In addition, he also began to implement the independence of Bank Indonesia to focus more on taking care of the economy. To resolve the monetary crisis and Indonesia's economic recovery, BJ Habibie undertook the following steps:
- To restructure and recapitulate banks through the establishment of IBRA and State Asset Management units
- Liquidate some troubled banks
- Raised the rupiah against the dollar to below Rp. 10.000,00
- Establish a monitoring and resolving agency for foreign debt problems
- Implementing the economic reforms required by the IMF
- Legalizing Law no. 5 of 1999 on Prohibition of Monopolistic Practices and Unfair Competition
- Legalizing Law no. 8 of 1999 on Consumer Protection
According to the opposition, one of the biggest mistakes he made while serving as President was to allow a referendum of the provinces of East Timor (now Timor Leste). He proposed something quite shocking to the public at that time, namely holding a poll for East Timorese to vote independently or still remain part of Indonesia. During his presidency, East Timor was separated from the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia and became a separate sovereign state on 30 August 1999.
It was this case that prompted the dissatisfied opposition to Habibie's background to intensify him. This effort finally succeeded during the 1999 General Assembly, he decided not to run again after his accountability report was rejected by the MPR.
The view on the Habibie administration in the early reform era tended to be negative, but in line with the development of the time many of the Habibie governments were positive. One of the positive views was raised by L. Misbah Hidayat in his book Administrative Reform: Comparative Study of the Three Presidential Governments.
Family and education
Habibie is the fourth of eight children, Alwi Abdul Jalil Habibie and R.A. Tuti Marini Puspowardojo. His father who works as an agricultural expert comes from ethnic Gorontalo and has Bugis descent, while his mother is a Javanese. R.A. Tuti Marini Puspowardojo was the son of an eye specialist in Yogya, and his father, Puspowardjojo, served as the owner of the school.B.J. Habibie married Hasri Ainun Besari on May 12, 1962, and was blessed with two sons, Ilham Akbar Habibie and Thareq Kemal Habibie.
He once learned in SMAK Dago. He studied mechanical engineering at the University of Bandung Bandung (now the Bandung Institute of Technology) in 1954. In 1955-1965 he continued his aviation engineering studies, specializing in aircraft construction, at RWTH Aachen, West Germany, receiving an Ingenieur diploma degree in 1960 and an Ingenieur doctorate In 1965 with the summa cum laude predicate.
Jobs and careers
Habibie worked at Messerschmitt-Bölkow-Blohm, a company based in Hamburg, Germany, reaching the pinnacle of his career as a vice president of technology. In 1973, he returned to Indonesia at the request of former president Soeharto.He served as Minister of State for Research and Technology from 1978 to March 1998. Prior to serving as President (May 21, 1998 - October 20, 1999), B.J. Habibie was Vice President (March 14, 1998 - May 21, 1998) in the VII Development Cabinet under President Soeharto. He was appointed chairman of ICMI (Indonesian Muslim Intellectual Association), during his tenure as minister.
Presidency
Habibie inherited the state of chaotic state after the resignation of Soeharto in the New Order era, resulting in the rise of riots and disintegerasi almost all parts of Indonesia. Immediately after obtaining power President Habibie immediately formed a cabinet. One of its important tasks is to re-gain support from the International Monetary Fund and donor community communities for economic recovery programs. He also frees political prisoners and reduces control of freedom of expression and organizational activities.
In the era of his short rule he succeeded in providing a solid foundation for Indonesia, in the era of Anti-Monopoly Law or the Law of Fair Competition, the change of Political Party Law and the most important is the Regional Autonomy Law. Through the implementation of the regional autonomy law, the disintegration fluctuation inherited since the New Order era was successfully muted and finally completed in the era of President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, without any regional autonomy law it is certain that Indonesia will suffer the same fate as the Soviet Union and Yugoslavia.
Appointment of B.J. Habibie as President raises various controversies for the people of Indonesia. The pro party considers Habibie's appointment to be constitutional. This is in accordance with the provisions of Article 8 of the 1945 Constitution stating that "if the President dies, stops, or can not perform his duties in his term of office, he shall be replaced by the Vice President until expired". While the counter party considers that the appointment of B.J. Habibie is considered unconstitutional. This is contrary to the provisions of Article 9 of the 1945 Constitution which states that "before the president takes office, the president must swear an oath or pledge in front of the MPR or DPR".
The steps taken by BJ Habibie in politics are:
Giving freedom to the people to channel their aspirations so that many emerging new political parties as many as 48 political parties.
Freeing political prisoners such as Sri Bintang Pamungkas (former member of the House who was imprisoned for criticizing President Suharto) and Muchtar Pakpahan (the labor leader who was sentenced for allegedly sparking riots in Medan in 1994)
Revoke the ban on the establishment of independent trade unions
Establish three democratic laws:
- UU no. 2 of 1999 on Political Parties
- UU no. 3 of 1999 on General Election
- UU no. 4 of 1999 on the Composition of the House of Representative / People's Consultative Assembly
Establish 12 MPR Decrees and there are 4 provisions that reflect the answers to the demands of reform:
- MPR Decree No. VIII / MPR / 1998, concerning the revocation of Tap No. IV / MPR / 1983 on Referendum
- MPR Decree No. XVIII / MPR / 1998, concerning the revocation of MPR Decree No. II / MPR / 1978 on Pancasila as a single principle
- MPR Decree No. XII / MPR / 1998, concerning the revocation of MPR Decree No. V / MPR / 1978 on the President gets the mandate of the MPR to have rights and policies outside the limits of legislation
- MPR Decree No. XIII / MPR / 1998, on the limitation of the term of office of President and Vice President is maximum only two periods.
12 MPR Decrees include:
- MPR Decree No. X / MPR / 1998, on the main points of development reform in the context of the saving and normalization of national life as the direction of the state.
- MPR Decree No. XI / MPR / 1998, on the administration of a clean and corruption-free country, collusion and nepotism
- MPR Decree No. XIII / MPR / 1998, regarding the limitation of the term of office of the President and Vice President of the Republic of Indonesia
- MPR Decree No. XV / MPR / 1998, regarding the implementation of regional autonomy
- MPR Decree No. XVI / MPR / 1998, on economic politics in the framework of economic democracy
- MPR Decree No. XVII / MPR / 1998, on Human Rights (HAM)
- MPR Decree No. VII / MPR / 1998, concerning the amendment and supplement to MPR Decree No. I / MPR / 1998 on the rules of the MPR
- MPR Decree No. XIV / MPR / 1998, concerning General Election
- MPR Decree No. III / V / MPR / 1998, regarding the referendum
- MPR Decree No. IX / MPR / 1998, on the GBHN
- MPR Decree No. XII / MPR / 1998 concerning the assignment of special duty and authority to the President / mandate of the People's Consultative Assembly in order to succeed and safeguard the national development as the implementation of Pancasila
- MPR Decree No. XVIII / MPR / 1998, concerning the revocation of the Guidance of Practice and the Application of Pancasila (P4)
In the economic field, he managed to cut the rupiah against the dollar is still between Rp 10,000 - Rp 15,000. But at the end of his reign, especially after his accountability was rejected by the MPR, the rupiah's exchange rate skyrocketed to Rp 6500 per US dollar value that will never be achieved again in the next administration era. In addition, he also began to implement the independence of Bank Indonesia to focus more on taking care of the economy. To resolve the monetary crisis and Indonesia's economic recovery, BJ Habibie undertook the following steps:
- To restructure and recapitulate banks through the establishment of IBRA and State Asset Management units
- Liquidate some troubled banks
- Raised the rupiah against the dollar to below Rp. 10.000,00
- Establish a monitoring and resolving agency for foreign debt problems
- Implementing the economic reforms required by the IMF
- Legalizing Law no. 5 of 1999 on Prohibition of Monopolistic Practices and Unfair Competition
- Legalizing Law no. 8 of 1999 on Consumer Protection
According to the opposition, one of the biggest mistakes he made while serving as President was to allow a referendum of the provinces of East Timor (now Timor Leste). He proposed something quite shocking to the public at that time, namely holding a poll for East Timorese to vote independently or still remain part of Indonesia. During his presidency, East Timor was separated from the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia and became a separate sovereign state on 30 August 1999.
It was this case that prompted the dissatisfied opposition to Habibie's background to intensify him. This effort finally succeeded during the 1999 General Assembly, he decided not to run again after his accountability report was rejected by the MPR.
The view on the Habibie administration in the early reform era tended to be negative, but in line with the development of the time many of the Habibie governments were positive. One of the positive views was raised by L. Misbah Hidayat in his book Administrative Reform: Comparative Study of the Three Presidential Governments.
"Habibie's vision, mission and leadership in running the reform agenda can not be separated from his life experience. Each decision is based on measurable factors. So no wonder every policy taken sometimes make people shocked and do not understand. Even some people consider Habibie apolitical and unfeeling. Such a Habibie leadership pattern is understandable given his educational background as a doctor in the field of aircraft construction. In connection with the spirit of democratization, Habibie has made changes by building a transparent and dialogical government. The principle of democracy is also applied in economic policy which is accompanied by law enforcement and is aimed at the welfare of the people. In managing the daily cabinet activities, Habibie made major changes. It enhances coordination and eliminates the intercultural egotentism between ministries. In addition, a number of creativity coloring Habibie's leadership style in addressing the nation's problems. To overcome the economic problem, for example, he raised the entrepreneur into a special envoy. And the entrepreneur himself bears the cost. The task is very important, because one of the weaknesses of the government is the lack of explaining the real state of Indonesia in the international community. Meanwhile, the press, especially foreign press, seems to only expose negative news about Indonesia so it is not balanced in the news. "
B. J. Habibie also serves as the President Commissioner of PT. Regio Aviasi Industri, the R-80 aircraft designer
The romance and love of the third President of RI BJ Habibie to his deceased wife Ainun not only depicted through the film alone. Love is real and still continues although physically Mrs. Ainun is no longer present to accompany Mr. Habibie.
Several years ago, the woman who had been forty-eight years old, accompanied by Mr. Habibie, died of illness. Deep grief struck Mr. Habibie. Just imagine, the woman who became the first love and accompany his career from Germany to become president of the Republic of Indonesia, suddenly had to leave. Although Mr. Habibie no longer wept for his wife's departure, but love was always present and never replaced.
Love is manifested in the form of flowers that always adorn the grave of Mother Ainun.
Such is the netizen's recognition that tells about the tomb of Ainun's mother who always adorned with fresh flowers. The Path User recalled that when he drove to his opanya grave at Kalibata Hero Cemetery, he found a beautiful tomb with fresh flowers. After asking the guard, he also found that the grave was the grave of Mrs. Ainun, the wife of the 3rd President of Indonesia Mr. BJ Habibie. The touching story was also distributed to the virtual world.
Every Friday, Mr. Habibie always visits the tomb of Ibu Ainun to pray and tahlilan there.
According to the guard of the tomb, Mr. Habibie routinely came to the grave of Mrs. Ainun with flowers. In the first weeks since Ainun's departure, almost every day Habibie came to his wife's grave and read a prayer. Because of this habit one of Habibie's companions, Alm. Rosihan Anwar, once advised him. He said he had experienced the same thing with Pak Habibie; ie feel lost and visit the tomb every day. In Mr. Habibie, Rosihan Anwar tries to remind him that his life must continue to run, although the love is never extinguished. Now Habibie only took the time to go to the tomb on Friday.
Every other day, there are always people who come to clean and change the flowers in the grave of Ibu Ainun.
In the story written netizen is also told that every two days there are always people who come to change flowers at the tomb of Ainun mother. Apparently, Mr. Habibie always remember that Mother Ainun always likes the beauty. For that Mr. Habibie did not want the tomb of Mrs. Ainun looked lonely. Through fresh flowers, Mr. Habibie seemed to want to bring freshness in the grave of Mother Ainun.
Mr. Habibie has also prepared a special land next to the grave of Mother Ainun, if it is called the Creator was he did not want all the way from his lover.
In a photo uploaded by one of the netizens it also appears that the land next to Ainun's mother is still empty. Yes. The land was specially prepared for Mr. Habibie. As a human being, Mr. Habibie realized that in time there would be a time when he had to leave the world because he was called the Creator. For that, Mr. Habibie has prepared a place for his long break later. The place was none other right beside Mother Ainun.
Not just touching, the story of Habibie and Ainun also gives us a lesson that love can continue to grow and can be expressed even to those who have gone forever.
From the story of Mr. Habibie and Ibu Ainun, we get a lot of lessons. About the love that grows simply. About the life struggle that is passed by sharing. And, about the sincerity of the heart that must be passed when one must go. Mr. Habibie's love for this wife also teaches us that true love will not be able to go even physically, he who we love is no longer visible. Pak Habibie also taught us how to remember those who had already left. Sending prayer is the best way to love those who have been called the Creator.
Post-presidency
After he was no longer president, he preferred to live in Germany rather than in Indonesia. However, when the presidential era of Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, he was again active as a presidential advisor to oversee the democratization process in Indonesia through the organization he founded Habibie Center.B. J. Habibie also serves as the President Commissioner of PT. Regio Aviasi Industri, the R-80 aircraft designer
The Love Story of Habibie In Ainun That Never Came While Destroying
The romance and love of the third President of RI BJ Habibie to his deceased wife Ainun not only depicted through the film alone. Love is real and still continues although physically Mrs. Ainun is no longer present to accompany Mr. Habibie.
Several years ago, the woman who had been forty-eight years old, accompanied by Mr. Habibie, died of illness. Deep grief struck Mr. Habibie. Just imagine, the woman who became the first love and accompany his career from Germany to become president of the Republic of Indonesia, suddenly had to leave. Although Mr. Habibie no longer wept for his wife's departure, but love was always present and never replaced.
Love is manifested in the form of flowers that always adorn the grave of Mother Ainun.
Such is the netizen's recognition that tells about the tomb of Ainun's mother who always adorned with fresh flowers. The Path User recalled that when he drove to his opanya grave at Kalibata Hero Cemetery, he found a beautiful tomb with fresh flowers. After asking the guard, he also found that the grave was the grave of Mrs. Ainun, the wife of the 3rd President of Indonesia Mr. BJ Habibie. The touching story was also distributed to the virtual world.
Every Friday, Mr. Habibie always visits the tomb of Ibu Ainun to pray and tahlilan there.
According to the guard of the tomb, Mr. Habibie routinely came to the grave of Mrs. Ainun with flowers. In the first weeks since Ainun's departure, almost every day Habibie came to his wife's grave and read a prayer. Because of this habit one of Habibie's companions, Alm. Rosihan Anwar, once advised him. He said he had experienced the same thing with Pak Habibie; ie feel lost and visit the tomb every day. In Mr. Habibie, Rosihan Anwar tries to remind him that his life must continue to run, although the love is never extinguished. Now Habibie only took the time to go to the tomb on Friday.
Every other day, there are always people who come to clean and change the flowers in the grave of Ibu Ainun.
In the story written netizen is also told that every two days there are always people who come to change flowers at the tomb of Ainun mother. Apparently, Mr. Habibie always remember that Mother Ainun always likes the beauty. For that Mr. Habibie did not want the tomb of Mrs. Ainun looked lonely. Through fresh flowers, Mr. Habibie seemed to want to bring freshness in the grave of Mother Ainun.
Mr. Habibie has also prepared a special land next to the grave of Mother Ainun, if it is called the Creator was he did not want all the way from his lover.
In a photo uploaded by one of the netizens it also appears that the land next to Ainun's mother is still empty. Yes. The land was specially prepared for Mr. Habibie. As a human being, Mr. Habibie realized that in time there would be a time when he had to leave the world because he was called the Creator. For that, Mr. Habibie has prepared a place for his long break later. The place was none other right beside Mother Ainun.
Not just touching, the story of Habibie and Ainun also gives us a lesson that love can continue to grow and can be expressed even to those who have gone forever.
From the story of Mr. Habibie and Ibu Ainun, we get a lot of lessons. About the love that grows simply. About the life struggle that is passed by sharing. And, about the sincerity of the heart that must be passed when one must go. Mr. Habibie's love for this wife also teaches us that true love will not be able to go even physically, he who we love is no longer visible. Pak Habibie also taught us how to remember those who had already left. Sending prayer is the best way to love those who have been called the Creator.
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