Serayu River, the River that Divides the Southern Island of Java

Serayu River or Serayu River (formerly also called Ci Sarayu) is one of the rivers in Central Java. It stretches from northeast to southwest as far as 181 km, it passes five districts of Wonosobo, Banjarnegara, Purbalingga, Banyumas, and empties into the Indian Ocean in Cilacap regency.

The river is located on the slopes of Mount Prahu in Dieng, Wonosobo. Its spring is known as Tuk Bima Lukar (the spring of Bima Lukar). Having many tributaries, the total Serayu river basin is 4,375 km². Flows more or less west-southwest, on the south side of this stream is limited by a row of hills called the Serayu Selatan Mountains.

In addition to Kali Serayu, which originates in G. Prahu and G. Sindoro, some of its tributaries include Kali Begaluh from the slopes of G. Sumbing; Times of G. Prahu; Kali Merawu from G. Prahu; Kali Klawing whose tributaries mostly fled in G. Slamet, G. Walirang and G. Jaran; Kali Pekacangan (Anak Kali Klawing) from G. Rogojembangan; Cow Kali which is upstream in Serayu Selatan Mountains; Kali Banjaran, Logawa River, Kali Tenggulun, Kali Kawung, and Kali Tajum, all of which originated in G. Slamet.

Utilization

Kali Serayu has considerable water discharge. In the upstream part of Banjarnegara, this river has a debit of 656 m³ / sec. With the increase of water entering from its tributaries, downstream of this discharge increased to 2,866 m³ / s and 2,797 m³ / s, respectively in Banyumas and Rawalo.

The dam of the Great Commander of Sudirman was built in this Serayu River. 10 km west of Banjarnegara city. The dam, also known as Mrica or Mrican Reservoir, has a puddle of lk. 12 km², if fully charged. Besides being used for irrigation and tourism, the Mrica Reservoir is mainly built to supply the 184.5 MW PLTA.

Rafting adventure tour has been developed in the upstream part of Kali Serayu. Tourists usually start this activity from Tunggara Village and Prigi Village in Banjarnegara.

Threat of sustainability

The sustainability of the waters of Serayu River is especially threatened by sedimentation, and later also by water pollution. Sedimentation or puddling in the river is caused by soil erosion, especially in the Dieng plateau region. The 2005 note states that along the Serayu flow areas there are still 187 industries that do not have standard wastewater treatment plants, including 92 hospitals, 124 hotels and dozens of other businesses. But quite a lot of local industries and companies in Wonosobo, Banjarnegara, Purbalingga, Banyumas, and Purwokerto are environmentally conscious and follow clean program (Prokasih) to save Kali Serayu.

Serayu Valley Railway Company or Serajoedal Stoomtram Maatschappij is a railway company that once operated during the Dutch East Indies government in 1891 along the Serayu River basin. This railway route links Maos - Purwokerto - Sokaraja - Purbalingga - Banjarnegara - Wonosobo cities. This train line is now disabled.

Serayu Train is a leading economy class train that serves the Purwokerto - Kiaracondong - Pasar Senen journey, run twice a day (morning and night). Serayu train is also known as Cipuja / Citrajaya. Currently this railway is the only train that operates from Jakarta to Central Java route through Bandung and does not cross Cirebon.

These train stations include Kroya, Maos, Kawunganten, Gandrungmangun, Sidareja, Cipari, Langen, Banjar, Ciamis, Tasikmalaya, Cipeundeuy, Warungbandrek, Cibatu, Kiaracondong, Padalarang, Purwakarta, Jatinegara and Pasarsenen.

Beginning April 1, 2015, Serayu Train will not stop at Jakarta Kota station and stop direction to Pasar Senen station.

Serayu train was inaugurated in 1985. Initially the train was named Quick Sidareja. The name of KA then changed to KA Cipuja, while the night trip was named Citrajaya (Cilacap-Jakarta Raya) and the route was extended to Cilacap and Jakarta. In the decade of 2000s it became a Serayu train to this day. Meanwhile, Galuh trains serve the Tanahabang-Banjar route and are specifically reserved for passengers not transported by Cipuja or Citrajaya trains.

In 2013, the journey of KA Serayu is extended to Purwokerto Station.

At present, PT Kereta Api Indonesia operates KA Serayu, an AC Economy class train connecting Purwokerto - Kroya - Maos - Tasikmalaya - Bandung - Purwakarta route, to Jakarta Kota.

Serayu River is also used as a theme in the song keroncong On the edge of the River Serayu.

Dieng Plateau, a Beautiful Place for a Holiday in Central Java Indonesia

Dieng Plateau is an active volcanic area in Central Java, which belongs to Banjarnegara and Wonosobo regencies. Located in the west of the complex of Mount Sindoro and Mount Sumbing.

Dieng has average altitude is about 2,000 m above sea level. Temperatures range from 12-20 ° C in the daytime and 6-10 ° C at night. In the dry season (July and August), temperatures can reach 0 ° C in the morning and create a frost that locals call bun upas ("poison") because it causes damage to crops.

Administratively, Dieng is the area of ??Dieng Kulon Village, Batur District, Kabupaten Banjarnegara and Dieng ("Dieng Wetan"), Kejajar District, Wonosobo District. This region is one of the most remote areas of Central Java.

Etymology

The name Dieng comes from a combination of two Kawi words: "in" meaning "place" or "mountain" and "Hyang" meaningful (Gods). Thus, Dieng means mountainous area where the gods and goddesses reside. Another theory states, the name Dieng derived from the Sundanese language ("in hyang") as it was estimated in the pre-Medang era (around the 7th century AD) the area was in the political influence of Galuh Kingdom.

Geology

Dieng Plateau (DTD) is a plain with volcanic activity beneath its surface, such as Yellowstone or Tengger Highlands. Indeed he is the caldera with the surrounding mountains as its edge. There are many craters as a place of exit gas, water vapor and various other volcanic materials. This situation is very dangerous for residents who inhabit the area, as evidenced by the calamity gas eruption crater 1979. Not only toxic gases, but also possible earthquakes, mud eruptions, landslides, and floods.

In addition to the crater, there are also volcanic lakes that contain water mixed with sulfur so have a typical greenish yellow color.

Biologically, the volcanic activity in Dieng is interesting because it is found in hot water near the crater of several species of thermophilic bacteria ("hot") that can be used to reveal the early life on earth.

Craters

The active crater at Dieng is a crater for volcanic activity under the highlands. Activity monitoring was conducted by PVMBG through Dieng Observation Post in Karangtengah Subdistrict. Here are the monitored active craters:

    Candradimuka

    Sibanteng

    Siglagah

    Sikendang, potentially poisonous gas

    Sikidang

    Sileri

    Sinila, potentially poisonous gas

    Weigh, potentially poisonous gas

Sibanteng Crater

Sibanteng is located in Dieng Kulon Village. This crater had erupted phreatic in January 2009 (15/1), causing Dieng tourist area must be closed a few days to anticipate the occurrence of gas poisoning disaster. The eruption of the mud is heard up to 2 km, destroying the forest owned by Perhutani in the vicinity, and causing landslides that stem the Kali Putih, the Sungai Serayu.

Sibanteng Crater once erupted in July 2003.

Sikidang Crater

Sikidang is a crater in the most popular DTD visited by tourists because it is most easily achieved. This crater is famous for its gas exit hole is always moving in a large area. It is from this character that the name comes from the locals looking at it like a deer (kidang in Javanese).

Sileri Crater

Sileri is the most active crater and has erupted several times (based on notes: 1944, 1964, 1984, July 2003, and September 2009). At the phreatic activity (September 26, 2009) appeared three new crater slits accompanied by a beam of material as high as 200 meters. [3]

On Sunday, April 30, 2017 there was a phreatic eruption in Crater Sileri that spewed mud and catapulted gravel, causing 12 tourists to suffer minor injuries because of the distance that is too close (20 meters from the crater lip) and the result of not following the recommendation not to approach the crater lip below 100 meters.

Sinila Crater

Sinila is located between Batur Village, Sumberejo Village, and Pekasiran Village, Batur District. Sinila Crater once erupted in the morning of 1979, precisely February 20, 1979. The earthquake caused residents running out of the house, but they were trapped poison gas that comes out of the crater Weigh caused by Sinila eruption. A number of residents (149 people) and livestock were killed by carbon dioxide gas toxicity released and spread to residential areas.

Weigh Crater

Weigh is a crater located near Sinila and moderate activity. Although less active, this crater is a highly concentrated source of CO2 gas that killed hundreds of victims in 1979. This last crater recorded an increase in activity in May 2011 by spraying white smoke as high as 20 meters, removing CO2 in concentrations exceeding the safe threshold (1,000 ppm, the normal concentration in air approaches 400 ppm) and gives rise to volcanic earthquakes [6]. On May 31, 2011 morning, this crater again releases CO2 gas up to 1% v / v (100,000 ppm) accompanied by tremor earthquake. As a result all activities within a radius of 1 km is prohibited and residents of Dusun Simbar and Dusun Serang are evacuated

Peaks

    Mount Sumbing (3,387 m)

    Mount Sindoro (3,150 m)

    Mount Prahu (2,565 m)

    Mount Pakuwaja (2,595 m)

    Gunung Sikunir (2,463 m), tourist attractions, near Sembungan

Volcanic lake

    Telaga Warna, a tourist attraction with a place of nearby persemadian

    Telaga Cebong, near the tourist village of Sembungan

    Telaga Merdada

    Lake Pengilon

    Dringo Lake

    Telaga Tilapia

Climate

Dieng has a warm and medium climate. Rain often occurs in the Dieng region, even in the dry season. Based on the Köppen climate classification, Dieng belongs to the Cfb group. The average annual temperature in Dieng is 14.0 ° C

Tourism site

Some cultural and natural relics have been made as a tourist attraction and managed jointly by two districts, namely Banjarnegara and Wonosobo. Here are some attractions in Dieng.

Lake: Lake Color, a lake that often raises the shades of red, green, blue, white, and mauve, Lake Pengilon, which is located adjacent to exactly Telaga Warna, unique water color in the lake is clear as not mixed with sulfur. Another uniqueness is that which limits the Lake Color to the Pengilon Lake is only a grass that forms like a small swamp. Telaga Merdada, is the largest among the lakes in the Dieng Plateau. The water that has never subsided to be used as irrigation for agricultural fields. Even this lake is also used by anglers to channel hobbies or also tourists who simply go around with small boats rented by local residents.

Crater: Sikidang, Sileri, Sinila (erupted and released poison gas in 1979 with 149 victims), Candradimuka Crater.

Complex of Hindu temples built in the 7th century, among others: Gatotkaca Temple, Bima Temple, Arjuna Temple, Semar Temple, Sembadra Temple, Srikandi Temple, Setyaki Temple, Gangsiran Aswatama, and Dwarawati Temple.

Cave: Semar Cave, Jaran Cave, Gua Sumur. Located between Telaga Warna and Pengilon Lake, often used as a spiritual venue.

Jalatunda well in 1937

Jalatunda Well.

Dieng Volcanic Theater, theater to see a movie about mount in Dieng.

Museum of Dieng Kailasa, store artifacts and provide information about nature (geology, flora-fauna), Dieng community (daily, agriculture, trust, art) and archaeological heritage from Dieng. It has a movie theater (currently about Dieng archeology), an open stage on the roof of the museum, as well as a restaurant.

Serayu River spring, often called Tuk Bima Lukar (Tuk = springs).

Agriculture

Dieng area is a producer of highland vegetables for Central Java region. Potato is the main commodity. In addition, carrots, cabbage, and garlic are produced from this region. In addition to vegetables, Dieng is also a center producing papaya mountain (carica), mushrooms, fruit kemar, and purwaceng.

However, due to the rapid agricultural activity of forests in the peaks of the mountains is almost used up to be converted into vegetable crops.

Geothermal field

Dieng area is still geologically active and many have hydrothermal energy sources. There are three main hydrothermal fields, namely Pakuwaja, Sileri, and Sikidang. In all three there are active fumaroles (steam craters), mud pools, and steam fields. Hot springs are found, for example, in Bitingan, Siglagah, Pulosari, and Jojogan, with average temperatures ranging from 25 ° C (Jojogan) to 58 ° C (Siglagah) [9]. Sikidang area has begun to be utilized as a hydrothermal energy source.

Plaosan Temple, The Twin Temples that Store the Architectural Beauty

Plaosan Temple is a designation for the enshrinement complex located in Dukuh Plaosan, Bugisan Village, Prambanan Sub-district, Klaten District, Central Java Province, Indonesia. This temple is located approximately one kilometer to the northeast of Sewu Temple or Prambanan Temple. The existence of the top of the stupa, Buddha statue, and ancillary temples (companion / small) in the form of stupas indicate that the temples are Buddhist temples. The complex was built in the 9th century by King Rakai Pikatan and Sri Kahulunan during the Medang Kingdom, also known as Ancient Mataram Kingdom.

Plaosan Temple Complex consists of Plaosan Lor Temple and Plaosan Kidul Temple.

Plaosan Lor Temple

Plaosan Lor Temple complex has two main temples. The temple located on the left (north) is called the North Master Temple with reliefs depicting female figures, and the temple located on the right (south) is called the Southern Master Temple with reliefs depicting male characters. In the northern part of the complex there is still an open hall with several buddhist statues. The two main temples are surrounded by 116 ancillary stupas and 50 perwara temples, as well as artificial moat.

In each of the main temples there are 6 statues / statues Dhyani Boddhisatwa. Although this temple is a Buddhist temple, but its architectural style is a blend of Buddhism and Hinduism.

South Plain of Plaosan Lor was restored in 1962 by the Archaeological Service. Meanwhile, the South West Temple was restored in the 1990s by the Sanctuary of Central Java History and Archeology.

Plaosan Kidul Temple

Different from Plaosan Lor Temple, Plaosan Kidul Temple is not known to have the main temple. In this complex there are several perwara shaped temples and stupas. Some of the perwara temples have been restored.

Twin Temple Festival

Twin Temple Festival is an annual event held in this temple by displaying various dances from all over the archipelago. This festival is the only large-scale cultural festival held in Klaten.  This activity is part of a series of launches of a tourism village in collaboration with ISI Surakarta.

In this activity, Regent Klaten Sri Hartini appreciate the activities of Twin Temple Festival which took place in Bugisan. He hopes the activities that will last about a month to be one form of promotion of tourism potential in the region.

Karimunjawa Island, The Paradise of Java Indonesia

Karimunjawa is an archipelago in the Java Sea that belongs to Jepara regency, Central Java. With a land area of ??± 1,500 hectares and a water ± 110,000 hectares, Karimunjawa is now developed into a charm of Marine Park tourism that began to favor a lot of local and foreign tourists.

Based on the legend circulating in the archipelago, Karimunjawa Island was discovered by Sunan Muria. The legend revolves around Sunan Muria who is concerned over the mischief of his son, Amir Hasan. With the intention of educating, Sunan Muria then ordered his son to go to an island that appears "kremun-kremun" (escape) from the top of Mount Muria so that the child can deepen and develop his religious knowledge. Because it looks "kremun-kremun" then called the island is Karimun Island.

Ecosystems

Since March 15, 2001, Karimunjawa was established by the government of Jepara as a National Park. Karimunjawa is home to coral reefs, mangrove forests, coastal forests, and nearly 400 species of marine fauna, of which 242 species of ornamental fish. Some of the rare fauna that habits here are the White Sea Chest Elang, hawksbill, and green turtles.

The plants that characterize the Karimunjawa National Park are dewadaru (Crystocalyx macrophyla) found in lowland rain forest.

The waves in Karimunjawa are low and benign, bounded by beaches, mostly white sand beaches.

Geographical

Karimunjawa is located in the Java Sea, north of Jepara, Central Java. The archipelago consists of 27 islands:

    Occupants:

        Karimunjawa

        Rain

        Mosquito

        Parang

        Genting

    Uninhabited:

        Big Menjangan

        Menjangan Kecil

        Big Firs

        Small Firs

        Geleyang (30 ha)

        Bird

        Bengkoang (92 ha)

        Twins (11.2 ha)

        Katang (2.8 ha)

        Large Krakal (2.8 ha)

        Small Krakal (2.8 ha)

        Sintok

        Mrican

        Central

        Edge

        Little (2 ha) [1]

        Bare

        Seruni

        Mining

        Scholar

        Beetle (8.8 ha)

        Saw (or Island Menyawakan).

Population

Karimunjawa has more than 10,100,000 inhabitants in five uninhabited islands. The three main tribes inhabiting Karimunjawa are the Javanese who farm and produce household utensils, Bugis who are reliable sailors who work as fishermen, and the Madurese who also work as fishermen but have the advantage of making dried fish.

Education in Karimunjawa has reached up to high school level. In addition to having about 10 elementary schools (five in Karimun, three in Kemujan and one each in Parang and Genting), Karimunjawa also has one junior high school, Madrasah Tsanawiyah (MTs), and SMK Negeri majoring Seaweed Cultivation and Fishery Products Processing Technology free school, and one Madrasah Aliyah in Penghujan.

Transportation

The most commonly used transportation to Karimunjawa is the ship from Semarang and Jepara. From the Port of Tanjung Emas, Semarang, the Kartini I (fast boat) boat departs every Saturday at 9 am to Karimunjawa and returns from Karimunjawa every Sunday noon, a 2-3 hour crossing.

From the Port of Kartini Beach, Jepara is a Muria Ship that departs every two days, the length of this economic ship crossing +/- 6 hours of voyage. please note to schedule ship from port Jepara usually departing Tuesday, Thursday, Saturday at 9 am and from karimunjawa to jepara Wednesday, Friday, Sunday at 8 am. this schedule can change according to the weather or the waves in the Java sea. in case of high waves, the port authorities will not grant a shipping permit, and the ship's departure schedule will change following the weather change. Jepara Port can also bring Cars and motorcycles to be crossed to Karimunjawa.

Air line can be reached from Ahmad Yani Airport, Semarang to Dewa Daru Airport on Kemujan Island with CASA 212 type charter plane provided by PT. Nusa Permai Sea Tour (Turtle Resort). Travel time is approximately 30 minutes.

Tourism

Kecamatan Karimunjawa has many tourist attractions, including:

Natural tourism

Kecamatan Karimunjawa has several natural attractions, namely:

    Swimming Sharks, in the Village of Karimunjawa (Menjangan Besar Island)

    Legon Lele, in Karimunjawa Village (Karimunjawa Island)

    Love Hill, in Karimunjawa Village Dusun Jatikerep (Karimunjawa Island)

    Bukit Nyamplungan, in Karimunjawa Village (Karimunjawa Island)

    Bukit Joko Tuo, in Karimunjawa Village (Karimunjawa Island)

    Tracking Mangrove Forest, in Kemojan Village (Kemujan Island)

    Pantai Karang Pengantin, in Kemojan Village Karanglawang Dukuh (Kemujan Island)

    Pantai Ujung Gelam, in Karimunjawa Village (Karimunjawa Island)

    Batu Mask Beach, in Karimunjawa Village (Karimunjawa Island)

    Barakuda Beach, in Kemojan Village (Kemujan Island)

    Nirwana Beach, in Karimunjawa Village (Karimunjawa Island)

Culinary tour

Kecamatan Karimunjawa has several culinary attractions, namely:

    Karimunjava Culinary Center, in Karimunjawa Village (Near Karimunjawa Square)

Religious tourism

Kecamatan Karimunjawa has several religious attractions, namely:

    Tomb of Sunan Nyamplungan, in Karimunjawa Village (Karimunjawa Island)

    Tomb of Sayid Kambang, in Karimunjawa Village (Karimunjawa Island)

    Tomb of Sayid Abdullah, in Karimunjawa Village (Karimunjawa Island)

Typical Culinary Karimunjawa

Cook

The typical cuisine of Karimunjawa, is:

    Pindang Serani

    Meatball Yellow Tailed Fish

    Lontong Krubyuk

    Tongseng Cumi

    Siomay Tongkol

Drinks

The typical drink of Karimunjawa, is:

    Wedang Blung

    a hot ginger drink

    Ice Coconut Rainbow

Snacks

The typical snacks of Karimunjawa are:

    Klepon Alang-Alang

    Jenang Krimun

    Roasted bananas

Souvenirs

The typical souvenirs of Karimunjawa are:

    Gereh Iwak Teri

Nickname

Karimunjawa Islands have several nicknames, including:

 Karimunjawa, Holiday Island

Karimunjawa is perfect in the holiday, after many months busy by work, so Karimunjawa can refresh the mind. In Karimunjawa as if vacation all the time, due to its exquisite and exotic nature.

Karimunjava, The Paradise of Java

Karimunjawa there are nature that is still green, natural and beautiful. The Nature that makes tourists feel at home in Karimunjawa because of the friendly atmosphere of the community, the air is still clean, like paradise Java Island because it is still included in the administration of Java.

Karimunjava, Caribbean van Java

The beauty of Karimunjawa Islands is as beautiful as in the Caribbean. Karimunjawa has another similarity with the Caribbean that is composed of several small islands, therefore the Netherlands gave the nickname as Caribbean van Java.

Planning

Plans that can increase tourists visiting, are:

    Build a Karimunjava Zoo like Bali Zoo

    Build a Village with Custom House Typical Jepara as in Mareokoco Semarang or House residents are recommended in the form of traditional house typical Jepara with Wuwuhan Genteng and Home House residents must have a temple fence Bentar like in Mantingan

    Build Karimunjawa Square to be neat and clean and not chaotic by street vendors, by building culinary center near Karimunjawa Alun-Alun

    Take off the wicket in Karimunjawa Square, build a mini stadium and move the crossbar to the mini stadium, so Karimunjawa Square is only for Ceremony, Event, and public facilities.

    Residents are advised to use traditional Javanese clothes every day

    Buy a submarine like in Bali for tourists who want to see Karimunjawa coral reef but can not dive

    Building underwater power cables that can run from Jepara to Karimunjawa for 24 hours and fiber optic cable for internet access in Karimunjawa

Important Phone Karimunjawa

Emergency and important numbers in Kecamatan Karimunjawa, namely:

    Polsek karimunjawa = (0297) 312210

    Port of Karimunjawa = (0297) 312121

    Puskesmas Karimunjawa = (0297) 312137

Natuna Island, a Natural Island that Holds Great Natural Wealth

Natuna regency, is one of the regencies in Riau Islands Province, Indonesia. Natuna is the northernmost archipelago in the Karimata strait. To the north, Natuna is bordered by Vietnam and Cambodia, in the south by South Sumatra and Jambi, in the west by Singapore, Malaysia, Riau and the east with East Malaysia and West Kalimantan. Natuna is on international shipping lines Hongkong, Japan, South Korea and Taiwan. The regency is famous for producing oil and gas. Natuna's petroleum reserves are estimated at 1. 400.386.470 barrels, while natural gas is 112,356,680,000. barrel. Natuna's distinctive animals are a must.

History

History of Natuna Regency can not be separated from the history of Riau Islands Regency, because before standing alone as an autonomous region, Natuna Regency is part and Region of Riau Islands. Natuna Regency was established based on Law no. 53 of 1999 which was ratified on 12 October 1999, with the inauguration of Natuna Regent Drs. H. Andi Rivai Siregar by the Minister of Internal Affairs ad interm General TNI Faisal Tanjung in Jakarta.

Based on the Decree of the Delegation of the Republic of Indonesia, Central Sumatera Province dated May 18, 1956, incorporated into the Territory of the Republic of Indonesia and the Riau Islands were granted the status of the Second Level Autonomous Region headed by the Regent as the head of the region which oversees 4 consent as follows:

Kewedanaan Tanjungpinang, covering the District of South Bintan (including East Bintan, Galang, Tanjungpinang Barat and Tanjungpinang Timur).

Karimun Kewedanaan, covering the District of Karimun, Kundur and Moro.

Kewedanaan Linga, covering the District of Lingga, Singkep and Senayang.

Kewedanaan Pulau Tujuh, covering the District of Jemaja, Siantan, Midai, Serasan, Tembelan, Bunguran Barat and Bunguran Timur.

Kewedanaan Pulau Tujuh that oversees the District of Jemaja, Siantan, Midai, Serasan, Tambelan, West Bunguran and East Bunguran along with kewedanaan laiannya deleted by Decree of the Governor of Riau Province on 9 August 1964. UP / 247/5/1965. Based on the decree, effective January 1, 1966 all administrative regions of kewedanaan in Kepulauan Riau Regency are deleted.

Natuna Regency was established based on Law no. 53 of 1999 from the expansion of the Regency of Riau Islands consisting of 6 Subdistricts of East Bunguran District, West Bunguran, Jemaja, Siantan, Midai and Serasan and one District Assistant Tebang Ladan.

Along with the authority of regional autonomy, Natuna Regency then expanded the sub-districts up to 2004 into 10 sub-districts with the addition of Kecamatan Pal Matak, Subi, Bunguran Utara and Pulau Laut with 53 villages / villages.

Until 2007 Natuna Regency has 16 subdistricts. 6 new division districts include Pulau Tiga District, Northeast Bunguran, Central Bunguran, South Siantan, East Siantan and East Jemaja with total number of kelurahan / village as many as 75.

In the year 2008 Natuna regency did expansion with formed Anambas Islands District, so the district become 12 District. Then until 2015 to 70 Villages and 6 Villages. And there will be 3 Subdistricts of Sebinggan become 16 Subdistricts.

Topography

Based on his physical condition, Natuna Regency is a hilly and rocky terrain. Lowland and ramps are found on the beach. The altitude of the area between districts is quite diverse, ranging from 3 to 959 meters from sea level with a slope of between 2 to 5 meters. In general, the soil structure consists of red yellow podzolic soil from rocks whose soils essentially have granite material, and alluvial and soil organosol and gley humus.

Climate and Weather

The climate in Natuna Regency is wet tropical with an average temperature of 26 ° C and is strongly influenced by changes in wind direction. Its humidity ranges between 60% and 85%. Meanwhile, rainfall average of 2530 mm with the number of rainy days 110 per year. The wet months occur in October-December with an average wind speed of 276 km per day [sic]. Meanwhile, the sun's irradiation averaged 53%. The weather is often erratic. The rain accompanied by strong winds, thunderous storms, and waves that reached a height of more than three meters often occur suddenly.

Based on the wind direction, local people recognize the existence of 4 seasons, namely: North, East, South, and West. The North season is characterized by winds blowing from the east. This season runs for 4 months (November-February). In this season the wind blows very fast (speed reaches 15-30 knots), so the sea surges through the day and night with a height of 1--3 meters. The local community described the sea as full of waves as "the face of the rotting lime". The wind that blows this season seems not only to make the sea malignant, but also destroys the trees. The trunk of a coconut tree is leaning towards the south. Then, the leaves become split. Instead, the leaves of the rubber trees are falling, so it seems to be arid. This frightening season by them is also called "Season of the unmarked bed nets", because the season is accompanied by rain throughout the day and night, so they prefer to lie down with the bed nets unveiled next door. Therefore, Ibrahim (1997) said that in the north season Natuna residents really have difficulty to do their work. For that, in advance they have prepared everything to face it, such as: firewood, rice, side dishes (salted fish), and other kitchen purposes.

The eastern season is characterized by winds blowing from the east. This season also runs for 4 months (March-June). The average wind speed is only 12 knots. Heavy rains are rare. Sometimes rain is accompanied by heat. The sun is slightly free to shine on the sea and land, so the heat is quite stinging. Such heat, by the local community is called ngek-ngek or lak-lak (it seems uncertain). Nevertheless, the sea still looks bumpy so it is rather difficult to get fish.

The South season is marked by a wind that blows from the south. The season that lasted for 2 months (July-August) this wind speed average of 8--20 knots. In this season the sun can shine freely so the heat is very stinging. Such a situation by the local people is described as "the vapor of hell". Sea conditions are still wavy, sometimes even can reach more than 3 meters.

The West season is characterized by winds that blow from the west also lasts for 2 months (September-October). The hallmark of this season is between the heat and the rain changing. Therefore, the sea surface is sometimes like "water in a talam" (calm and calm), but sometimes it is frightening because its waves can reach 3 meters more. Unfortunately, these waves often occur suddenly so as not to provide opportunities for the fishermen to pull over the boat.

Demographics

Population

The population of Natuna Regency in 2010 amounted to 69,003 people, consisting of 35,741 male and 33,262 female. Serasan sub-district is the highest density of 124.10 people per km2, followed by Midai 123.97 people per km2.

Religion

Based on the Population Census in 2015, the percentage of religion in Natuna Regency is Islam 96.47%, Protestant Christians 1.56%, Buddhism 1.38%, Catholic 0.43%, Confucian 0.12% and Hindu 0.02%.

Potential

In addition to its strategic location of Natuna Island and its surrounding areas is essentially blessed with a series of potential natural resources that have not been adequately managed or there is not yet at all, namely:

    Marine fishery resources reaching more than 1 million tons per year with total utilization of only 36%, which is only about 4.3% by Natuna Regency.

    Agriculture & plantations such as yams, coconuts, rubber, palm and cloves.

    Attractions: nautical (beaches, diving islands), mountains, waterfalls, caves and cultivation.

    The D-Alpha gas field located 225 km to the north of Natuna Island (in ZEEI) with a total reserve of 222 trillion cubic feet (TCT) and 46 TCT hydrocarbon gas is one of Asia's largest sources.

Nias Island, a Beautiful Island Located on the Western Island of Sumatra Indonesia

Nias (Nias language Tanö Niha) is an archipelago located on the western part of the island of Sumatra, Indonesia, and administratively located within the province of North Sumatra. This island is the largest and most developed island among jejeran islands on the west coast of Sumatra, inhabited by the majority of Nias tribes (Ono Niha) who still have a megalithic culture. The area has important tourist attractions like surfing (surfing), traditional house, diving, fahombo (stone jumping).

The island with an area of 5,625 km ² is populated nearly 900,000 inhabitants.

The majority religion in this area is Protestant Christians where 90% of the population embraces this religion, while the rest are Catholic, Muslim, and Buddhist. People who convert to Islam are generally located in coastal areas of the Nias Islands.

The former island of Nias is only one district, now divided into four districts and one city, namely Nias District, South Nias Regency, West Nias Regency, North Nias Regency, and Gunungsitoli Municipality.

Tsunami & Earthquake 2004 and 2005

On December 26, 2004, the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake occurred on the west coast of the island resulting in a 10 meter high tsunami in Sirombu and Mandrehe areas. The death toll from the incident amounted to 122 people and hundreds of families lost their homes.

On March 28, 2005, the island was again rocked by an earthquake, believed to be aftershocks after the December 2004 incident, but now it is the second strongest earthquake in the world since 1965. At least 638 people were reported killed and hundreds of buildings destroyed.

Almost no public housing buildings in Nias Island were not damaged, due to the earthquake.

According to the Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Agency (BRR) of Nias Representative, the disaster has caused 13,000 houses totally destroyed, 24,000 houses were severely damaged, and about 34,000 houses were slightly damaged. A total of 12 ports and docks were destroyed, 403 bridges were damaged and 800 km of district roads and 266 km of provincial roads were destroyed. A total of 723 schools and 1,938 places of worship were damaged.

Tribe of Nias

The Nias are a group of people living on the island of Nias. In the original language, Nias people call themselves "Ono Niha" (Ono = son / descendant; Niha = human) and Nias island as "Tanö Niha" (Tanö = land).

The tribe of Nias is a society that lives in high culture and customs. The customary law of Nias is generally called fondrakö which regulates all aspects of life from birth to death. The ancient Nias people live in a megalithic culture evidenced by historical relics of carvings on large boulders still found in the inland areas of this island to the present day. Caste: The tribe of Nias recognizes the caste system (12 levels of Caste). Where the highest caste level is "Balugu". To reach this level one must be able to make large parties by inviting thousands of people and slaughtering thousands of pigs for days.

The origin of the Nias people

Mythology

According to the people of Nias, one of the myths of the origin of the Nias tribe comes from a tree of life called "Sigaru Tora`a" located in a place called "Tetehöli Ana'a". According to the above-mentioned myth the first human arrival to Nias Island began in the time of King Sirao who had 9 sons who were ordered to leave Tetehöli Ana'a for the Throne of Sirao. The 9 sons were considered the first people to set foot on Nias Island.

Archaeological Research

Archaeological research has been conducted on Nias Island since 1999. This study found that there have been humans on Nias Island since 12,000 years ago who migrated from the Asian mainland to Nias Island during the paleolithic period, and even indicated since 30,000 years ago Prof. said. Harry Truman Simanjuntak from the National Archaeological Research and LIPI Jakarta. At that time only Hoabinh culture, Vietnam is the same as the existing culture in Nias Island, so it is suspected that the origin of the Nias tribe originated from the Asian mainland in an area that is now a country called Vietnam.

Recent genetic research has found that the people of Nias, North Sumatra, come from the Austronesian family. Nias ancestors were thought to have come from Taiwan through the Philippines path 4,000-5,000 years ago.

Mannis van Oven, doctoral student from the Department of Forensic Molecular Biology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center Rotterdam, presented his findings at the Eijkman Institute of Molecular Biology, Jakarta, Monday (4/15/2013). In a study that has lasted for about 10 years. Ovens and team members examined 440 blood samples of residents in 11 villages on Nias Island.

"Of all the populations we studied, Y-chromosomes and mitochondria-DNA of the people of Nias are very similar to those of Taiwan and the Philippines," he said.

The Y chromosome is the male carrier. Male man has XY chromosome, while female XX. Mitochondrial-DNA (mtDNA) is inherited from the mother's chromosome.

The study also found that in the current Nias genetics there is no trace of the ancient Nias people whose remains are found in Goa Togi Ndrawa, Central Nias. Archaeological research on stone tools found shows, the humans who occupy the cave comes from the period 12,000 years ago.

"The genetic diversity of the people of Nias is very low compared to other populations, especially from the Y-chromosome, indicating that there has been a bottleneck of population in Nias's past history," he said.

The study also found that the people of Nias do not have genetic links with people in the geographically neighboring Andaman-Nicobar Islands in the Indian Ocean.

Traces are disconnected

Responding to the findings, archaeologists from the National Archaeological Research Center Sony Wibisono said the theory about the origin of the archipelago from Taiwan has long been delivered, for example by Peter Bellwood (2000). Bellwood's theory is based on the similarity of earthenware forms.

"The problem is whether the migration is in the same direction from Taiwan to the archipelago, including to Nias, or vice versa also happens?" he said. Sony questioned how the Austronesian migration from Taiwan to Nias took place.

Herawati Sudoyo, Deputy Director of Eijkman Institute who is also a speaker, said the Austronesian migration to the archipelago remains a puzzle. "Logically, from their Philippines to Kalimantan and Sulawesi. However, until now genetic data from Kalimantan and Sulawesi is still minimal. There is still a missing link, "he said.

In Kalimantan, according to Hera, the new genetics of Banjar are examined. The result shows that they are Malay people. In Sulawesi studied only in South Sulawesi. "There are still many studies to be done," he said.

The clan of Nias

The Nias people apply the clan system following the patrilineal line. The clans generally come from existing settlement villages.

Access to Nias

Transportation to Nias Island

The journey to Nias Island from Medan City (capital of North Sumatera province) can be reached through two transportation lines namely land and sea transportation. When choosing a land-sea journey then travel from Medan to Sibolga Port can be reached for approximately 10-12 hours using land transportation such as private cars, public buses, or travel car. At this port, the journey to Nias Island can use the Ferry which sails daily to and from Nias Island. This sea trip can be reached during the 12 hour journey. When choosing air travel, the flight from Medan to Gunungsitoli can be reached from Kualanamu International Airport in approximately 55 minutes to Binaka Airport, using Garuda Indonesia airline and also Lion Air Group operated by its subsidiary Wings Air.

In mid-July 2016, flights from Padang City to Gunungsitoli City were also operated by Wings Air every day. Although earlier in this line Susi Air has been serving flights from the city of Padang, West Sumatra to Nias Island but this flight must first transit in Pulau Tello (Pulau Batu, South Nias).

Air

The distance to Nias Islands is around 45 minutes from Kualanamu International Airport (Medan) - Binaka Airport (Nias) with ticket price between Rp 400.000 to Rp 700,000.

Land

From Medan City to Sibolga City about 10 hours by riding Land Transportation Services such as Taxi, Mini Bus etc. Ticket prices around Rp 120,000

From the City of Medan to the City of Port of Aceh Singkil around 8 hours by riding the Land Transport Service such as Taxi, Mini Bus etc. ticket price of about Rp 120,000

Sea

Arriving at the Port of Sibolga, sea travel to the Port of Gunungsitoli can take 10 hours by using the Crossing Ship with a ticket price of about Rp 80,000 s / d Rp 130.00. This ship operates daily with Night departure schedule and arrives at Gunungsitoli in the morning.

From the Port of Aceh Singkil can cross by using passenger ships that operate 2 times a week that is Tuesday and Thursday.

Culture of Nias

Fahombo (Stone Jump)

Fataele / Foluaya (War Dance)

Maena (Group Dance)

Moyo Dance (Elang Dance)

Mogaele Dance

Fangowai (Tari sekapur betih / welcoming guests)

Fame Ono nihalõ (Wedding)

Omo Hada (Traditional House)

Fame'e Tõi Nono Nihalõ (Giving a name for married women)

Fasösö Lewuö (Using bamboo to test the strength of youth of Nias)

In the Ono Niha (Nias) culture there are the ideals or spiritual goals of living together that are meaningful in the greetings of "Ya'ahowu" (in Indonesian translation "hopefully blessed"). From the meaning of Ya'ahowu is contained meaning: attention to the happiness of others and is expected to be blessed by the Almighty. In other words Ya'ahowu displays attitudes: attention, responsibility, respect, and knowledge. If a person behaves in such a way, that person is concerned with the development and happiness of others: not only watching, responding, and being accountable to the needs of others (pronounced: Selamat - Ya'ahowu), including the undisclosed and respecting him as a human being . So the meaning contained in "Ya'ahowu" is nothing but a brotherhood (in peace) that is really needed as a vehicle of togetherness in development for the development of life together.

Fahombo

Fahombo, Hombo Batu or in Indonesian "Stone Jump" is a traditional sport of Nias tribe. The previous sport was a ritual of maturing Nias tribe is mostly done on the island of Nias and become a unique unique tourist attraction that strangest to the whole dunia.Mereka must jump the composition of stone buildings as high as 2 meters with a thickness of 40 cm.

Background

In the ancient archipelago culture, there has been no physical exercise involvement like modern sports. Indigenous peoples generally associate physical activity with tribal practice; generally ritual, art, physical fitness and martial arts. The war dances and the ritual battles of the archipelago became the earliest example of "ritualization" of physical exercise in modern Indonesia. Some of the indigenous tribes rituals are very similar to sports, such as the Nias fahombo tradition for maturation rituals that are similar to jumping hurdles and long jumps in athletics.

Procedures

In the past, Nias youth will try to jump over stones over 2 meters tall, and if they succeed they will become adult men and can join as warriors to fight and marry. From the age of 10, boys on Nias Island will be preparing to take their "fahombo" turn. As a ritual, Fahombo is considered very serious in Nias customs. Boys will jump over the rock to gain their maturity status, wearing Nias fighter clothing, indicating that they are ready to fight and shoulder the responsibilities of the grown men.

The stone that must be skipped in fahombo is shaped like a pyramid monument with a flat top surface. The height is not less than 2 meters, with width 90 cm, and length 60 cm. The jumper must not only jump over the pile of rocks, but he must also have the technique to land, because if he lands in the wrong position, it can cause muscle injury or broken bones. In the past, on stone boards were even covered with spiked nails and bamboo, which showed how serious this ritual was in the eyes of the Nias Tribe. Tactically in warfare, this fahombo tradition also means training young warriors agile and agile in jumping over their enemy's defense walls, with torches in one hand and a sword at night.