Medan City, The Largest Metropolitan City on Sumatra Island and Third Largest City in Indonesia

Medan City is the capital of North Sumatra province, Indonesia. The city is the third largest city in Indonesia after Jakarta and Surabaya, as well as the largest city outside of Java Island. Medan City is the gateway to the western part of Indonesia with the presence of Belawan Port and Kuala Namu International Airport which is the second largest airport in Indonesia. Access from the city center to the port and airport is completed by motorways and trains. Medan is the first city in Indonesia to integrate the airport by train. Bordering the Strait of Malacca makes Medan a very important city of commerce, industry and business in Indonesia.

Medan originated from a village founded by Master Patimpus at the Deli River and Babura River meeting. The anniversary of Medan City was set on July 1, 1590. Subsequently in 1632, Medan became the central government of Deli Sultanate, a Malay kingdom. The Europeans began to discover Medan since the arrival of John Anderson of England in 1823. Civilization in Medan continued to grow until the Dutch East Indies Government granted city status and made it the seat of East Sumatra Residency. Entering the 20th century, Medan became an important city outside Java, especially after the colonial government opened a large plantation company.

Medan is a multiethnic city where the population consists of people with different cultural and religious backgrounds. In addition to Malay as its early inhabitants, Medan is dominated by ethnic Javanese, Batak, Tionghoa, Mandailing, and India. The majority of Medan residents work in the trade sector, so there are many shops found in various corners of the city. In addition to the provincial government offices, there are also consulate offices in Medan, including the United States, Japan, Malaysia and Germany.

The history of the field city

Medan is derived from the Tamil word Maidhan or Maidhanam, which means a large field or place, adopted into Malay.

The anniversary of Medan City is commemorated every year since 1970 and was originally set to fall on 1 April 1909. But this date has been strongly denounced by the press and some historians. Therefore, the Mayor established the Medan City anniversary commemorative committee for conduct research and investigation.

Decree of the Mayor of the Municipality of Medan no. 342 dated 25 May 1971 which was then held by Drs. Sjoerkani formed Medan City Anniversary Research Committee. Sitting as Chairman is Prof. Mahadi, SH, Secretary Syahruddin Siwan, MA, Members are Ny. Mariam Darus, SH and T.Luckman, SH.

To further intensify the activities of this committee was issued again the Decree of Mayor of Medan municipality No.618 on October 28, 1971 on the Formation of the Committee of History of Medan with Chairman Prof.Mahadi, SH, Secretary Syahruddin Siwan, MA and Members H. Mohammad Said, Dada Meuraxa, Lieutenant Colonel. Nas Sebayang, Nasir Tim Sutannaga, M.Solly Lubis, SH, Drs.Payung Bangun, MA and R. Muslim Akbar.

Medan DPRD fully supports the activities of this committee so they form a Special Committee chaired by M.A. Harahap, with members include Drs.M.Hasan Ginting, Ny. Djanius Djamin, SH, Badar Kamil, BA and Mas Sutarjo.

For a while called the name of Master Patimpus as the opening of a village at the confluence of two rivers babura and river deli, disebuah village called Medan Puteri. Although very minimal data about Guru Patimpus as the founder of Medan City. Even if there is, it is said that there was once a manuscript of Pustaha Overlay Silver who supposedly named Master Patimpus, although the manuscript was never seen by the formulation team.

It was set based on the forecast that on July 1, 1590 it was proposed to the Mayor of Medan to serve as the anniversary of Medan in the form of a village, which was then taken to the Session of TK.II of Medan to be ratified. Based on the DPRD Session on 10 January 1973 it was determined that the proposal could be perfected.

In accordance with that by the Mayor of Medan District Head Mayor issued Decree No. 744 dated February 14, 1973 so that the City History Compilers Committee continues its activities to get a more perfect result. Based on the formulation conducted by the Medan City Anniversary Special Committee chaired by M.A.Harahap March 1975 that date of July 1, 1590.

Officially, the Regional House of Representatives of Tk.II Medan decided on 1 July 1590 as the Anniversary of Medan City and annulled the anniversary of Medan City which is commemorated on 1 April every year at the previous time.

In Medan City also became the center of Malay Sultanate Deli, which previously was the Kingdom of Aru. The Deli Sultanate was a Malay sultanate founded in 1632 by Tuanku Panglima Gocah Pahlawan in the area called Tanah Deli (now Medan City and Deli Serdang Regency, Indonesia).

John Anderson, an Englishman who visited the Deli in 1833, discovered a village called Medan. This village has a population of 200 people and a leader named Raja Berayan island has for several years settled there to collect taxes from the canoes transporting pepper down the river. In 1886, Medan officially gained status as a city, and the following year became the capital of the Residency of East Sumatra as well as the capital of the Deli Sultanate. In 1909, Medan became an important city outside Java, especially after the colonial government opened a large plantation company. The first city council consisted of 12 European members, two Malay bumiputras, and a Chinese.

In the late 19th and early 20th centuries there were two major waves of migration to Medan. The first wave was the arrival of Chinese and Javanese as porters of plantation contracts. But after 1880 the plantation companies stopped bringing Chinese people, as most of them fled the fields and often rioted. The company then fully brought the Javanese as a porter of the plantation. The former Chinese plantation workers were then encouraged to develop the trade sector. The second wave was the arrival of Minangkabau, Mandailing and Aceh. They came to Medan not to work as plantation laborers, but to trade, became teachers and clerics.

Since 1950, Medan has several times expanded the area, from 1,853 ha to 26,510 ha in 1974. Thus within 25 years after the transfer of sovereignty, the city of Medan has grown by almost eighteen fold.

Geography of Medan City

Medan City has an area of ​​26,510 hectares (265.10 km²) or 3.6% of the total area of ​​North Sumatra. Thus, compared to other cities / districts, Medan has a relatively small area with a relatively large population. Geographically Medan city is located at 3 ° 30 '- 3 ° 43' North Latitude and 98 ° 35 '- 98 ° 44' East Longitude. For that the topography of Medan tend to tilt to the north and located at an altitude of 2.5-37.5 meters above sea level.

Deli Serdang Regency is one of the areas rich in natural resources (SDA), especially in the field of plantation and forestry. Because Medan is geographically supported by areas rich in natural resources, such as Deli Serdang, Labuhan Batu, Simalungun, North Tapanuli, South Tapanuli, Mandailing Natal, Karo, Binjai and others. This condition makes the city of Medan economically able to develop various cooperation and partnership parallel, mutually beneficial, mutually reinforcing with the surrounding areas.

In addition, as the outskirts of the Malacca Strait shipping line, Medan has a strategic position as a gate (entrance) for the trade of goods and services, both domestic and foreign (export-import). This geographical position of Medan has encouraged the development of cities in the two poles of physical growth, namely Belawan and central Medan today.

River

There are at least nine rivers that cross this city:

•     Belawan River
•     River Badera
•     Sikambing River
•     White River
•     Babura River
•     Deli River
•     Sulang-Saling River
•     The Monkey River
•     Tuntungan River

In addition, to prevent floods that continue to hit some areas of Medan, the government has created a large canal project better known as East Kanal Medan.

Climate of Medan city

Based on the Köppen climate classification, Medan has a tropical rain forest climate with an unclear dry season. The field has wetter and drier months, with the driest month (February) on average experiencing a precipitation of about a third of the wettest month (October). The temperature in this city averages around 27 degrees Celsius throughout the year. The annual precipitation in Medan is about 2200 mm.

Demographics

Based on population data in 2005, the population of Medan is estimated to have reached 2,036,018 people, with the number of women larger than men, (1,010,174 souls> 995,968 inhabitants). The population is known to be a permanent resident, while the non-permanent population is estimated to reach more than 500,000 people, who are commuters.

Based on the 2010 Population Census of Indonesia, the population of Medan amounted to 2,109,339 people. The population of Medan consists of 1,040,680 men and 1,068,659 women. Together with its metropolitan area (Binjai City and Deli Serdang Regency) Medan population reach 4,144,583 inhabitants. Thus Medan is the city with the largest population in Sumatra and the fourth in Indonesia.

Most of the population of Medan comes from the age group 0-19 and 20-39 years (41% and 37.8% of the total population respectively). Judging from the age structure of the population, Medan occupied approximately 1,377,751 people of productive age, (15-59 years). Furthermore, seen from the level of education, the average length of school population has reached 10.5 years. Thus, there is relatively sufficient labor available, which can work on many types of companies, both services, trade, and manufacturing industries.

Population growth rate of Medan period 2000-2004 tended to increase, where population growth rate in 2000 was equal to 0,09% and become 0,63% in year 2004. The highest number of population exist in Sub Medan Deli, followed by Medan Helvetia and Medan Tembung. The lowest number of residents is in Medan Baru, Medan Maimun and Medan Polonia districts. The highest population density is in Kecamatan Medan Perjuangan, Medan Area, and East Medan. In 2004, life expectancy for men was 69 years while for women was 71 years.

Ethnicity

The city of Medan has a wide variety of ethnicities with the majority of ethnic Javanese, Batak, Tionghoa, and Minangkabau. The ethnic origin is Malay. The ethnic diversity in Medan is seen from the number of mosques, churches and Chinese temples scattered throughout the city. The area around Jl. Zainul Arifin is known as Kampung Keling, which is a residential area of ​​Indian descent.

Historically, in 1918 it was recorded that Medan is inhabited by 43,826 inhabitants. Of these, 409 were European descendants, 35,009 Indonesians, 8,269 Chinese, and 139 were from other Eastern races.

Tourism site

There are many old buildings in Medan that still leaves typical Dutch architecture. For example: Old Town Hall Building, Medan Post Office, Tirtanadi Water Tower (which is an icon of Medan), Titi Gantung - a bridge over railroad tracks, Post Office, Bank Indonesia, London Sumatera Building and old buildings in Kesawan area.

In addition, there are still some historic buildings, including the Palace Maimun, Masjid Raya Medan, Masjid Raya Al Osmani and also home Tjong A Fie in the area Jl. Jend. Ahmad Yani (Kesawan).

Kesawan area still leaves old buildings, such as buildings of PT London Sumatra, and old shophouses like those found in Penang, Malaysia and Singapore. These shophouses, have now been transformed into a bustling hawker center in the evening. Currently the City Government plans Medan as City Shopping and Food Center. It is hoped that this program will increase traffic flow and long stay of tourists to this city.

Transportation

Medan's uniqueness lies in its motorized becak (becak mesin / becak motor) which can be found almost all over Medan. In contrast to regular rickshaws (pedicab drivers), motor rickshaws can carry passengers anywhere in the city. In addition to pedicab, in the city also available public transport shaped minibus (angkot / oplet) and taxis. The pedicab driver is beside the pedicab, not behind the pedicab as it is in Java, which makes it easy for the becak of Medan to go through a tortuous path and allows it to be produced at a minimal price, as it requires only a few modifications to make regular bicycles or motorcycles usable as a becak driver. This design takes the design of a German war-tied motorcycle in World War II.

The most typical name for public transportation is Sudako. Sudako initially used Daihatsu S38 minibus with 2 capacity 500cc engine. The shape is a modification of the pickup car. On the back are placed two long chairs so passengers sit facing each other and very close to the knees with passengers in front of him.

The first route of sudako is "Lin 01", (Lin is the same as the route) which connects between Pasar Merah area (Jl HM Joni), Jl. Amaliun and Sambu terminals, which are the first central terminal of small and medium passenger transport. Currently "Daihatsu S38 500 cc" is no longer used because of the age factor, and changed with new cars like Toyota Kijang, Isuzu Panther, Daihatsu Zebra, and Daihatsu Espass.

In addition, there is another transport that is bemo, which comes from India. Three-wheeled and strong enough to climb with carrying 11 passengers. Bemo was later replaced by a bajaj that also originated in India, which in Medan is known as "toyoko".

The train connects Medan to Tanjungpura in the northwest, Belawan in the north, and Binjai-Tebing Tinggi-Pematang Siantar and Tebing Tinggi-Kisaran-Tanjungbalai-Rantau Prapat in the southeast. Belmera Toll Road connects Medan with Belawan and Tanjung Morawa. The Medan-Kuala Namu-Tebing Tinggi and Medan-Binjai toll roads are also being planned.

By the end of 2015, Trans Mebidang Bus Rapid Transit system has been operating in Medan city, Binjai city and Deli Sedang district.

Sea

Belawan Harbor is located in the northern part of the city. This port is Indonesia's busiest port outside Java. The ferry service connects Belawan with Penang in Malaysia.

Air

Polonia International Airport is located right in the heart of the city, formerly connecting Medan with other big cities inside and outside Indonesia. Since on the day of July 25, 2013, Polonia's operations were suspended and transferred to Kuala Namu International Airport in Kuala Namu, Beringin Village, Beringin Sub-district, Deli Serdang Regency which connects Medan and its surroundings with cities such as Bandung, Palembang, Jakarta, Surabaya and Kuala Lumpur in Malaysia and Singapore.

Semarang City,One of The Metropolitan Cities in Indonesia

Semarang City is the capital of Central Java Province, Indonesia and the fifth largest metropolitan city in Indonesia after Jakarta, Surabaya, Medan, and Bandung. As one of the most developed cities on the island of Java, Semarang City has a population of nearly 2 million people and daylight can reach 2.5 million people. In fact, the Metropolitan Area of Kedungsapur (Kendal, Demak, Ungaran Semarang District, Salatiga City, and Purwodadi Grobogan Regency) with a population of about 6 million, is the fourth densest Metropolitan Area, after Jabodetabek (Jakarta), Gerbangkertosusilo (Surabaya), and Bandung Raya. In recent years, the development of Semarang is also marked by the appearance of several skyscrapers in several corners of the city. Unfortunately, the rapid population makes traffic congestion in the city of Semarang increasingly stuck. The city is located about 558 km east of Jakarta, or 312 km west of Surabaya, or 621 km southwest of Banjarmasin (via air). Semarang borders the Java Sea in the north, Demak regency in the east, Semarang regency in the south, and Kendal regency in the west. City area 373.67 km2.

Geography

Lowland area in Semarang city is very narrow, which is about 4 kilometers from coastline. This lowland is known as the down town. Lower urban areas are often flooded, and in some areas, this flood is caused by sea water (rob). In the south is a plateau, known as the top cities, including the District of Temple, Mijen, Gunungpati, Tembalang and Banyumanik. The growth center in Semarang as a center of population activity and agglomeration emerged into a new small town, as in Semarang the upper part of the growth of Banyumanik area as the center of activity and agglomeration of the population of Semarang City made the area quite dense. Public and social facilities that support the activities of residents in work or residence have also been fulfilled. Banyumanik became a new growth center in upper Semarang, due to the emergence of housing agglomeration in this area. Banyumanik was once a deserted area of Semarang resident who works in Semarang downstairs (just as dormitory town). However, this area is now a new center of activity and growth in Semarang City, with the support of affordable road infrastructure and accessibility. New trading and residential facilities are emerging in this area, such as Carefour, Banyumanik Mall, Ada Supermarkets, Banyumanik Housing, Pucang Gading Housing, and educational facilities both public and private, such as Unnes, Undip, Polines, Unika, etc., with road access support tolls and terminal modes that facilitate transportation. Rapid growth in this area due to the condition of land in Semarang below often affected by rob flood disaster.

History of Semarang city

The history of Semarang begins more or less in the 6th century AD, the coastal region called Pragota (now Bergota) and is part of the ancient Mataram kingdom. The area at that time was a port and in front of it was a group of small islands. As a result of sedimentation, which until now is still ongoing, the cluster now merges to form the land. The lower part of the city of Semarang known today is thus a sea. The harbor is estimated to be in the present area of Bulu Market and extends into Simongan port, where Admiral Cheng Ho's fleet rests in 1435 AD At his landing site, Admiral Cheng Ho erected a temple and mosque which is still visited and is called the Sam Po Kong Temple Building Stone).

At the end of the 15th century AD there was someone stationed by the Demak Kingdom, known as Pangeran Made Pandan (Sunan Pandanaran I), to spread Islam from the Pragota hills. From time to time the area is more fertile, from the sidelines of fertility it grows a rare tamarind tree (Javanese language: asem charcoal), thus giving the title or the name of the area that later became Semarang.
As the founder of the village, later became the head of the local area, with the title of Kyai Ageng Pandan Arang I. After his death, the regional leader was held by his son who holds Pandan Arang II (later called Sunan Bayat or Sunan Pandanaran II or Sunan Pandanaran Bayat or Ki Ageng Pandanaran or Sunan Only). Under the leadership of Pandan Arang II, the area of Semarang increasingly shows its increasing growth, thus attracting the attention of Sultan Hadiwijaya from Pajang Sultanate. Due to the increasing requirements of the region, it was decided to make Semarang the same level as the Regency. On May 2, 1547 to coincide with the commemoration of the Prophet Muhammad SAW, the 12th of Rabiul Awal in 954 H was endorsed by Sultan Hadiwijaya after consultation with Sunan Kalijaga. May 2nd, then set as the anniversary of Semarang city. Along with the fall of Pajang into the hands of the Sultanate of Mataram, the region of Semarang included in its territory.
On January 15, 1678 Amangkurat II of the Sultanate of Mataram in Kartasura, mortgaged Semarang and surrounding areas to the VOC as part of its debt repayment. He claimed the Priangan area and taxes from the coastal port until his debt was paid off. In the year 1705 finally Susuhunan Pakubuwono I handed Semarang to the VOC as part of the agreement because it has been assisted to reclaim Kraton Kartasura. Since that time Semarang officially became a city owned by the VOC and then the Government of the Netherlands East Indies.

In 1906 with Stadblat No. 120 in 1906 the Gemeente government was formed. The big city government is headed by a Burgemeester (Mayor). This government system held by the Dutch ended in 1942 with the coming of the Japanese occupation government.

In the Japanese period formed the local government of Semarang headed Military (Shico) from Japan. Accompanied by two representatives (Fuku Shico) each from Japan and an Indonesian nation. Shortly after independence, from 15 to 20 October 1945, there was the heroic incident of Semarang's young men who fought against the Japanese army who insisted on refusing to surrender themselves to the Republican Army. This struggle is known as the Five Day Battle.

In 1946 England on behalf of the Allies gave the city of Semarang to the Dutch. This happened on May 16, 1946. On June 3, 1946, with a ruse, the Dutchman arrested Mr. Imam Sudjahri, mayor of Semarang before the proclamation of independence. During the Dutch occupation there was no regional government of Semarang. But the fighters in the government continued to run the government in rural areas or refugee areas outside the city until December 1948. displaced areas moved from the towns of Purwodadi, Gubug, Kedungjati, Salatiga, and finally in Yogyakarta. Leaders of government successively held by R. Patah, R. Prawotosudibyo and Mr. Ichsan. The Dutch occupation government known as Recomba tried to reshape the Gemeente government as it was during the former colonial period under the leadership of R Slamet Tirtosubroto. This did not work, because in the recovery period sovereignty must submit to the Commander KMKB Semarang in February 1950. I April 1950 Mayor Suhardi, Commander of KMKB. handed over the leadership of the local government of Semarang to Mr. Koesoedibyono, a high official of the Ministry of Home Affairs in Yogyakarta. He rearranged the government apparatus to facilitate the running of the government.

Economics

Economy of Semarang city is big enough because its status as capital of Central Java province. The economy of Semarang City according to data from BPS in 2012 is dominated by Industrial sector and Trade sector. GRDP (Gross Regional Domestic Product) 2012 at current prices reaches Rp. 54.38 Trillion. High economic growth is characterized by the high number of high rise buildings in the form of hotels, offices and apartments in Semarang City; List of tallest buildings in Semarang shows Semarang City has 30 buildings with a minimum height of 12 floors and 75 buildings with a height ranging from 7-11 floors.

Central Business District - Central Business Districts (CBD)

As the provincial capital of Central Java and the fifth largest metropolitan city in the territory of the Republic of Indonesia, Semarang has transformed and changed dynamically towards a better direction. Within the less than 10 years the Metropolitan Semarang continues to build a vital financial share in Indonesia due to the growing trade and industry sector and its services. As a consequence, the purchasing power of the community increases, capital inflows, consumer confidence index and conducting business relatively conducive to developing some Integrated Business Area or CBD (Central Business District). Some of the CBD that entered in the golden triangle prime area among others.

Simpang Lima City Center (SLCC)

Simpang Lima Ciy Center (SLCC) is one of the Central Business District (CBD) or Integrated Business Area located in Semarang Center and one of the CBD growing in the heart of Semarang. No wonder if many tall buildings or so-called skyscrapers present this area. Some of the signature buildings that characterize SLCC Semarang are Ciputa Swiss-Belhotel International Hotel Semarang, Ciputra Mall, Horison Hotel, Simpang Lima Plaza, Louis Kienne Serviced Apartment Hotel, HA-KA Hotel (coming soon), Santika Premiere Hotel, Wisma HSBC INDOSAT Oooredoo Tower, AC Plaza Hardware & InForma, Gramedia Center Pandanaran, Accor Ibis Simpang Lima Hotel, Amaris Simpang Lima Hotel, Tentrem Hotel Mall Apartment Semarang (coming soon), Simpang Lima Residences, SMC (Semarang Medical Centerl) Telogorejo Hospital, Pandanaran Hotel, DBS Center, @Hom Hotel, SentraLand Superblock, Graha Bank Indonesia, Telkom Plaza, WIsma Telkomsel, XL Axiata Center Simpang Lima, Bank Mandiri Plaza, CitiBank Square, Scout Building.

Youth Central Business District (PCBD)

Lawang Sewu Heritage Complex, Semarang Tourism Center, Pandanaran Building, Danamon Tower, Wisma BII Maybank, Juang 45 Tower, Wisma Sucofindo (FWD & DanaReksa), DP Mall, SmartFren Gallery, Bank Panin Plaza, Suara Merdeka Tower, Premier Inn Hotel Office Tower (coming soon), The Pinnacle Apartment Tower, Bank Mega Tower, Manulife Building, ANZ Square, Graha BRI, House of Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) Pandanaran, Dafam Hotel, Graha Bina Artha (JaTeng Bank Headquarter), Amaris Hotel, Gramedia Plaza Paragon City Mall, Crowne Plaza Hotel, Accor Novotel Hotel, Whiz Hotel, CitraDream Hotel, Accor Ibis Budget Hotel, Bank Mandiri Tower, Wisma BCA, Marquis de Lafayette Pollux, Sri Ratu Plaza.

Transportation

Semarang city can be reached by land, sea and air travel. Semarang through the path of pantura connecting Jakarta with cities on the north coast of Java Island. Currently, a toll road connecting Semarang with Solo is being built. Intercity bus transport is concentrated in Terboyo Terminal, Genuk District. The inner city transportation is served by city bus, angkot and becak. In 2009, TransSemarang began operating, also known as the BRT (Bus Rapid Transit), a mass transit mode although it does not use special lanes such as busway (Trans Jakarta) in Jakarta.

Semarang has an important role in the history of Indonesian railway. This is where the first milestone in the construction of the Indies railway begins, with the construction of a railroad that starts from the village of Kemijen to Tanggung village along 26 km) with a width of 1435 mm. The first embracing was carried out by the Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies, Mr. LAJ Baron Sloet van den Beele, Friday 17 June 1864. This railroad began operations for the public Saturday, August 10, 1867.

The construction of the railway line was initiated by a private company, Naamlooze Venootschap Nederlandsch Indische Spoorweg Maatschappij (NV NISM), led by Ir JP de Bordes. Then, after the Kemijen - Tanggung rail segment, the construction of rail connecting Semarang - Surakarta city (110 km), on 10 February 1870. Semarang has two railway stations: Semarang Tawang Station for business and executive class trains, and Semarang Station Poncol for economy class trains and freight transport. The trains include Semarang-Jakarta, Semarang-Bandung, Semarang-Surabaya, Jakarta-Semarang-Jombang, Jakarta-Semarang-Malang, Semarang-Tegal, and Semarang-Bojonegoro.

Air transport is served at Ahmad Yani Airport, connecting Semarang with a number of big cities of Indonesia every day. Since 2008 Ahmad Yani Airport has become an international airport with direct flights overseas, for example to Singapore and Kuala Lumpur. Tanjung Mas Port connects Semarang with a number of Indonesian port cities; This port also contain container terminals.

To facilitate transportation to the city / regency in Central Java in the South especially Semarang-Solo solid line, currently being built Semarang-Solo Toll Road. In the first phase, the toll road construction has been partially operated, Semarang-Ungaran which has been in use since 2011. Currently, the construction of the Ungaran-Bawen toll road is underway.

Surabaya City, the Second Largest City in Indonesia

The city of Surabaya is the capital of East Java Province, Indonesia, as well as the largest metropolitan city in the province. Surabaya is the second largest city in Indonesia after Jakarta. The city is located 796 km east of Jakarta, or 415 km northwest of Denpasar, Bali. Surabaya is located on the northern coast of eastern Java Island and facing the Madura Strait and the Java Sea.

Surabaya has an area of about 350.54 km² with a population of 2,765,487 people (2010). The Surabaya metropolitan area of Gerbangkertosusila with a population of about 10 million, is the second largest metropolitan area in Indonesia after Jabodetabek. Surabaya is served by an airport, Juanda International Airport, and two ports, namely Tanjung Perak Port and Ujung Port.

Surabaya is known as the City of Heroes because its history is very reckoned in the struggle of Arek-Arek Suroboyo (Youths of Surabaya) in maintaining the independence of the Indonesian nation from invaders attack.

History of Surabaya city

Etymology

The word Surabaya (Old Javanese: Śūrabhaya) is often interpreted philosophically as a symbol of the struggle between land and water. In addition, from the word Surabaya also appears the myth of fighting between sura fish / suro (shark) and baya / boyo (crocodiles), which raises the allegation that the formation of the name "Surabaya" emerged after the battle.
The origin of Surabaya

Historical evidence indicates that Surabaya existed well before the colonial era, as stated in the Trowulan I inscription, dated 1358 AD In the inscription it was revealed that Surabaya (Churabhaya) is still a village on the banks of the Brantas river as well as one of the important crossings throughout the region Brantas river flow. Surabaya is also listed in the Kakawin Nagarakretagama pujasastra written by Empu Prapañca which tells about the journey of King Hayam Wuruk in 1365 AD in pupil XVII (the fifth stanza, the last line).

Although the oldest written evidence includes the name of Surabaya dates 1358 AD (Trowulan Inscription) and 1365 AD (Nagarakretagama), experts suspect that the Surabaya area existed before those years. In the opinion of the German German culturalist Von Faber, the Surabaya area was founded in 1275 AD by King Kertanegara as a new settlement for his soldiers who succeeded in crushing the Kemuruhan revolt in 1270 AD Another opinion says that Surabaya was once an area called Ujung Galuh.

Another version mentions, Surabaya comes from the story of a life-death fight between the Duke of Jayengrono and Sawunggaling. It is said that after defeating the Mongol Empire's envoy Kublai Khan or known as the Tartars, Raden Wijaya established a palace in Ujung Galuh area and placed Duke of Jayengrono to lead the area. Long time for mastering the science of crocodiles, Jayengrono increasingly strong and independent so threaten the sovereignty of Majapahit Kingdom. To conquer Jayengrono, then sent Sawunggaling who mastered sura science.

Adu kesaktian performed on the edge of Kali Mas, in the Peneleh region. The fight lasted seven days and seven nights and ended tragically, as both died after a loss of energy.

The name Śūrabhaya itself was confirmed as the official name in the 14th century by the ruler of Ujung Galuh, Arya Lêmbu Sora.

The pre-colonial era

The symbol of the city of Surabaya during the Dutch East Indies (1934).

Surabaya area was once the main gate to enter the capital of the Majapahit Kingdom from the ocean, ie at the Kali Mas estuary. Even the anniversary of Surabaya was established on 31 May 1293. The day was actually the victory of Majapahit troops led by Raden Wijaya against the Mongol attack. The Mongol troops coming from the sea are described as SURA (shark / brave) and Raden Wijaya troops coming from land are described as BAYA (crocodiles / hazards), so it is literally interpreted to dare to face the danger that comes threatening. So the day of victory is commemorated as the anniversary of Surabaya.

In the fifteenth century, Islam began to spread rapidly in the area of Surabaya. One of the members of Walisongo, Sunan Ampel, founded a mosque and a pesantren in the Ampel region. In 1530, Surabaya became part of the Demak Kingdom.

Following the demise of Demak, Surabaya became the target of the conquest of the Mataram Sultanate, invaded by Panembahan Senopati in 1598, was attacked by Panembahan Seda ing Krapyak in 1610, and was attacked by Sultan Agung in 1614. Brantas river flow by Sultan Agung finally forced Surabaya to surrender. A VOC article in 1620 describes Surabaya as a rich and powerful region. The length of its circle is about 5 mijlen Netherlands (about 37 km), surrounded by canals and reinforced cannon.That year, to fight against Mataram, its troops amounted to 30,000 soldiers

In 1675, Trunojoyo from Madura took Surabaya, but was eventually kicked out by the VOC in 1677.

In an agreement between Pakubuwono II and VOC on 11 November 1743, Surabaya was handed over to VOC. The administrative center of Surabaya is located in the western mouth of the Red Bridge. It was this bridge that restricted the European settlement (Europeesche Wijk) back then, which was to the west of the bridge with the Chinese settlement; Malay; Arab; and so forth (Vremde Oosterlingen), which is to the east of the bridge. Until the 1900s, downtown Surabaya only revolves around the Red Bridge alone.

Colonial era

During the Dutch East Indies, Surabaya was the capital of the Residency of Surabaya, whose territory also covered the area which is now the Regency of Gresik; Sidoarjo; Mojokerto; and Jombang. In 1905, Surabaya got the status of a municipality (gemeente). In 1926, Surabaya was designated as the capital of East Java province. Since then Surabaya developed into the second largest modern city in the Indies after Batavia.

Prior to 1900, downtown Surabaya only revolved around the Red Bridge alone. In 1910, a modern port facility was built in Surabaya, now known as Tanjung Perak Port. Until the 1920s, growing new settlements such as Darmo area; Gubeng; Sawahan; and Ketabang.

On February 3, 1942, Japan dropped a bomb in Surabaya. In March 1942, the Japanese captured Surabaya. Surabaya was then subjected to Allied air strikes on May 17, 1944.

Era of independence

The battle maintains Surabaya

After World War II ended, on October 25, 1945, 6,000 British-Indian troops were Brigade 49, 23rd Division led by Brig. Gen. Aulbertin Walter Sothern Mallaby landed in Surabaya with the main order disarming Japanese soldiers, soldiers and Indonesian militia. They are also in charge of taking care of former prisoners of war and returning Japanese troops. The Japanese army surrendered all of their weapons, but the militia and more than 20,000 Indonesian troops refused.
October 26, 1945, an agreement was reached between R.M. Soerjo, Governor of East Java with Brig. Gen. Mallaby that Indonesian troops and militia did not have to surrender their weapons. Unfortunately there was a misunderstanding between the British troops in Surabaya with the headquarters of British troops in Jakarta led by Lieutenant General Philip Christison.

On October 27, 1945, at 11:00 noon, the British Air Force Dakota plane from Jakarta dropped a leaflet in Surabaya that ordered all Indonesian soldiers and militia to surrender weapons. Indonesian army and militia leaders became angry when reading this leaflet and assumed that Brigadier Mallaby did not keep the agreement on 26 October 1945.

October 28, 1945, Indonesian troops and militia attacked British troops in Surabaya. To avoid defeat in Surabaya, Brig. Gen. Mallaby requested that President Soekarno and the commander of British Division 23 troops, Major General Douglas Cyril Hawthorn, go to Surabaya and seek peace.

October 29, 1945, President Soekarno; Vice President Mohammad Hatta; and Minister of Information Amir Syarifuddin along with Major General Hawthorn went to Surabaya to negotiate.

At noon, October 30, 1945, an agreement was reached, signed by President Soekarno and Commander of the 23rd Division Major General Hawthorn. The contents of the agreement are a shoot-out stop and British troops will be withdrawn from Surabaya as soon as possible. Major General Hawthorn and the Indonesian leaders left Surabaya and returned to Jakarta.

On the afternoon of October 30, 1945, Brig. Gen. Mallaby traveled to British troops in Surabaya to inform him of the agreement. As it approached the British troop post at the Internatio building, near the Red Bridge, the Brigadier Mallaby's car was surrounded by militias who had previously surrounded the Internatio building.

Thinking that his commander would be attacked by militia, British company D forces led by Major Venu K. Gopal fired up to disperse the militia. The militia thought they were attacked by British troops from inside the Internatio building and fired back. A British officer, Captain R.C. Smith threw grenades at the Indonesian militia, but missed and crashed right in the Mallaby Brigadier's car.
Grenade exploded and burned cars. As a result Brigadier Mallaby and his driver were killed. The preliminary report given by British troops in Surabaya to the headquarters of British troops in Jakarta mentions Brig. Gen. Mallaby was shot dead by Indonesian militia.

Lt. Gen. Philip Christison was furious at the news of Brig. Gen. Mallaby's death and deployed 24,000 extra troops to conquer Surabaya.
On 9 November 1945, the British deployed an ultimatum so that all weapons of the Indonesian army and militia were immediately handed over to the British army, but this ultimatum was ignored.

November 10, 1945, England began bombing Surabaya and fierce war lasted for 10 days. Two British planes were shot down by Indonesian troops and one of the passengers, Brigadier General Robert Guy Loder-Symonds was seriously injured and died the next day.

November 20, 1945, the UK managed to master Surabaya with the deaths of thousands of soldiers killed. More than 20,000 Indonesian soldiers, militias and residents of Surabaya were killed. The whole city of Surabaya was destroyed.

This battle was one of the bloodiest battles the British troops experienced in the 1940s. This battle shows the sincerity of the Indonesian nation to defend the independence and expel the invaders.

Because of the fierce battle and the magnitude of casualties, after this battle, the number of British troops in Indonesia began to be gradually reduced and replaced by Dutch troops. The battle on November 10, 1945 is to this day remembered and commemorated as the Day of Heroes.
The post-independence era

The city whose main road was almost shaped like a ribbon from the Wonokromo bridge to the south leading to the Red Bridge on the North along the 13 km, in the late 1980s began to change completely. Rapid population and urbanization, forcing Surabaya to flourish in the East and West as it is now. Increase in motor vehicles, the growth of new industries and the proliferation of housing undertaken by real estate companies that occupy the suburbs resulted in not only congestion in the middle of the city but also not infrequently also in the suburbs. Surabaya has grown away from a relatively small and slum city in the late 19th century, becoming a metropolitan city in the late 20th century and in the 21st century becoming one of the fastest growing metropolises in Southeast Asia. The city that in the period of the 20th century and the beginning of the 21st century is considered hot and shabby it also managed to turn into one of the most organized metropolis in Indonesia with cleanest air quality.

Geography of Surabaya

Surabaya is geographically located at 07˚09`00 "- 07˚21`00" South Latitude and 112˚36`- 112˚54` East Longitude. The area of Surabaya covers a land area of 350.54 km² and an ocean of 190.39 km².
 

Geology

The geological condition of Surabaya City consists of Mainland Alluvium; Kabuh Formation; Pucangan; Tongue; Madura; and Sonde. As for the territorial waters, Surabaya is not on an active fault line or face to face with the ocean, making it relatively safe from natural disasters. Based on the geological condition and its territorial waters, Surabaya is categorized into areas that are relatively safe against earthquake and land subsidence so that infrastructure development does not require geotechnical engineering that can cost big.

Topography

Surabaya is located on the northern coast of East Java province. Its territory is adjacent to Madura Strait in the north and east, Sidoarjo regency in the south, and Gresik regency in the west. Most of Surabaya area is lowland that is 80,72% with height between -0,5 - 5m SHVP or 3 - 8 m above sea level, while the rest is hilly area located in West Surabaya (12,77%) and South Surabaya (6.52%). In the area of South Surabaya there are 2 slopes of slopes that is in the area of Tongue and Gayungan whose height between 25 - 50 m above sea level and in the West Surabaya region has a contour of bumpy hills. The soil structure in Surabaya consists of alluvial soils, river and coastal sediments, and in the west there are hills containing high lime. In Surabaya there is the Kali Mas estuary, which is one of two Brantas River shards. Kali Mas is one of the three main rivers that divide parts of Surabaya along with Kali Surabaya and Kali Wonokromo. Rice fields and moorlands are located in the western and southern areas of the city, while the tambak area is in the eastern and northern coastal areas.

Climate

Surabaya has a tropical climate like a big city in Indonesia in general where there are only two seasons in a year that is the rainy and dry seasons. Rainfall in Surabaya averages 165.3 mm. The highest rainfall above 200 mm occurs in the period January to March and November to December. The average air temperature in Surabaya ranges from 23.6 ° C to 33.8 ° C.

Government

The legal basis for the city of Surabaya is the Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 12 Year 1950, on the Regional Government District / City In East Java. Surabaya status as a city that became part of the province of East Java. The area of Surabaya then divided into 31 districts and 163 urban villages.

Local government

Administratively, the city government of Surabaya is led by a mayor and a deputy mayor who oversees the coordination of the regional work unit (SKPD) consisting of the city secretariat; expert staff; city parliament secretariat; Dinas-Dinas; bodies; regional inspectorate; a sub-district headed by a camat (including equivalent units); and sub-districts headed by a lurah (including equivalent units). All SKPD employees are the ranks of civil servants in the municipal government. In addition, the mayor of Surabaya also has other partners of other levels who play an important role in the development of the city of Surabaya is a forum of coordination of regional leaders (Forkopimda) Surabaya city which consists of Mayor and Deputy Mayor of Surabaya; Chairman of DPRD Surabaya; Commander of Korem 084 / Bhaskara Jaya; Commander of Kodim 0830 / North Surabaya; Commander of Kodim 0831 / East Surabaya; Commander of Kodim 0832 / Surabaya Selatan; Kapolrestabes Surabaya; KP3 Head of Tanjung Perak Surabaya Police; Chairman of the Surabaya District Court; Chairman of the Religious Court of Surabaya; and Chairman of the Surabaya District Attorney. Since 2005, the mayor and the deputy mayor of Surabaya were directly elected by the townspeople in the pilkada, having previously been elected by the city council members. The mayor and vice mayor of Surabaya today are Tri Rismaharini and Wisnu Sakti Buana from the Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle.

Economy

The strategic location of Surabaya City is almost in the center of Indonesia and just south of Asia making it one of the important hubs for trading activities in Southeast Asia. As a metropolitan city, Surabaya became the center of economic, financial and business activities in East Java and beyond. As one of the trading centers, Surabaya is not only a trade center for East Java, but also facilitates areas in Central Java, Kalimantan and Eastern Indonesia. Surabaya and the surrounding area is the most rapid economic development in East Java and one of the most advanced in Indonesia. In addition, Surabaya is also one of the most important cities in supporting Indonesia's economy. Most of the population is engaged in services, industry and trade. Surabaya is a fast growing trading center. Major industries include shipbuilding, heavy equipment, food processing and agriculture, electronics, home furnishings, and handicrafts. Many major multinational companies are based in Surabaya, such as PT Sampoerna Tbk, Maspion, Wing's Group, Unilever Indonesia, Pakuwon Group, Jawa Pos Group and PT PAL Indonesia. In addition, Surabaya is also the second largest port city in Indonesia after Jakarta. The most important port in Surabaya is the Port of Tanjung Perak which is the second largest port of trade, container and passenger in Indonesia after the Port of Tanjung Priok in Jakarta. In Surabaya there is also Teluk Lamong Port Terminal which is the main buffer terminal terminal of Tanjung Perak Port. The port terminal of Lamong Bay is the first green port in Indonesia and is one of the most sophisticated port terminals in the world where the entire operating system is automated and uses computers.
Central Business District
Within 2 decades, Surabaya and the surrounding satellite cities have had a vital financial share in Indonesia due to the growing trade, industry and services sector. This has led to increased public purchasing power and a rapidly growing index of consumer confidence. This will certainly attract investors to contribute to the changing face of the city, thus encouraging the emergence of "Integrated Business Area" / Central Business District (CBD) as the centers of business activities in Surabaya. Highrise building area is located around Tunjungan Road, Basuki Rachmat, Darmo, Mayjend Sungkono, H.R. Muhammad, and Ahmad Yani, while the industrial areas in Surabaya include Surabaya Industrial Estate Rungkut (SIER), Karangpilang and Margomulyo. Here are some CBD areas that belong to the golden area in Surabaya:

Tourism

Surabaya has a variety of interesting tourist destinations. Most tourist destinations in this city are closely related to the history of the spread of Islam in the land of Java, as well as Indonesia's national struggle. In addition, Surabaya also has an interesting natural attractions, among which are Ecotourism Mangrove Wonorejo and Kenjeran Beach. Surabaya is also known as a city where foreign tourists stopover that will travel in the area of Malang Raya, Mount Bromo, and Mount Ijen.
 

Natural
    Ecotourism Mangrove Wonorejo
    Kenjeran Beach
 

History
    Surabaya City Hall Building
    Internatio Building
    De Javasche Bank Building
    Syrup Telasih Factory
    Red Bridge
    Surabaya Old Town Area
    Bambu Runcing Monument
    Monument Jalesveva Jayamahe
    Monument to General Soedirman
    Monument Submarine
    Mayangkara Monument
    Museum of Medicine
    Museum Loka Jala Crana
    Museum of Nahdlatul 'Ulama
    Mpu Tantular State Museum
    Museum W. R. Soepratman
    Tugu Pahlawan

Religion
    Church of the Immaculate Virgin Mary of Surabaya
    Catholic Church Birth of the Virgin Mary
    Temple of Hong Tiek Hian
    Boen Bio Temple
    Temple Sanggar Agung
    Tomb of Sunan Ampel
    Cheng Ho Mosque Surabaya
    Al Akbar National Mosque
    Pura Jagad Karana

Family tour
    Ciputra Waterpark
    Tunjungan Road
    Surabaya Bibit Garden
    Surabaya Zoo
    Market of Melting Fruit
    Bratang Flower Market
    Kayoon Flower Market
    Buddha Face Statue, in Sukolilo
    Statue of Joko Dolog
    Batik House
    Taman Bungkul
    Harmony Park
    Taman Remaja Surabaya

Accommodation

Accommodation facilities in Surabaya range from star hotels, apartments, to inns scattered throughout the city. One of them is Hotel Majapahit which is one of historic hotel in Indonesia where event of Incident Flag.

Retail

Surabaya has many shopping centers ranging from modern shopping centers (malls), wholesale centers, to modern and traditional markets. The leading modern shopping centers include Ciputra World Surabaya, Tunjungan Plaza, Pakuwon Trade Center and Supermal Pakuwon Indah (located in one building), Lenmarc, EastCoast Center (Mall nuanced in Pakuwon City, East Surabaya), Galaxy Mall, Golden City Mall, Bubutan Golden Junction (BG Junction), Royal Plaza, City of Tomorrow (CiTo), Surabaya Town Square (SuToS), Hi Tech Mall, Grand City Mall, Maspion Square, MEX Building, Atum Mall Market, ITC Surabaya, Plaza Marina (formerly Sinar Fontana), and Plaza Surabaya by Surabaya society better known as Delta Plaza, and The Empire Palace, which is the first wedding mall in Indonesia, and other modern shopping center spread in Surabaya. While the famous shopping centers include Pasar Turi, Atum Market, Cotton Krampung Plaza, and Darmo Trade Center (DTC) which formerly is Wonokromo Market, and other traditional markets are also spread in Surabaya. Every year in May (May 1st - 31st), the municipal government in cooperation with the mall in Surabaya organizes Surabaya Shopping Festival (SSF), which is a massive discount on every shopping / mall in Surabaya.

Architecture

Architecture in Surabaya is a mixture of colonial, Asian, Javanese, modern, and post-modern influences. In Surabaya there are still many colonial era relics still standing today, such as Hotel Majapahit (d / h Hotel Oranje) and Surabaya Post Office. As a relatively old city in Indonesia and Southeast Asia, most colonial buildings in Surabaya were built around the 17th century to early 20th century. These buildings show the Dutch / European style in the middle ages.

Before the Second World War, around the old city center of Surabaya there were many store houses, mostly two storeys. These store houses are inspired by European traditions and Peranakan Chinese. Although some have been dismantled for new construction, there are still many old buildings that are preserved as cultural heritage and city icons, which are around Jalan Kembang Jepun, Karet Street, Gula Street, Slompretan Street, and Rajawali Street.

In the aftermath of Indonesian independence, the center of Surabaya's architectural development was concentrated only in the area of Jembatan Merah, and its surroundings, but the rapid development of globalization, has made the development of architecture evenly spread throughout the city.

In the late 1990s and early 2000s, modern and post-modern style buildings were increasingly emerging in Surabaya. Along with the economic development, buildings like this continue to grow in Surabaya until now. In the era of 2010s, Surabaya has become a region for high-rise buildings in East Java, such as The Peak Residence and One Icon Residence (200 meters).

Garden

Surabaya is one of the cleanest cities in Indonesia. This can be seen in the presence of shady urban parks in almost every corner of the city equipped with a beautiful fountain. Urban parks in Surabaya include Bungkul Park, Harmony Park, Taman Pelangi, Taman Surya, Mundu Park, Undaan Fruit Garden, Jayengrono Park, and so on. One of the parks in Surabaya, Bungkul Park, in 2013 was awarded The Asian Townscape Award 2013 from the United Nations as the best park in Asia due to its very complete and integrated facilities ranging from economic area (PKL center), green open area, park , disability area, free internet (Wi-Fi), and good garden arrangement.
 

Appreciation

Surabaya city is very achievement in the field of environment. The city has won numerous awards in its environmental and urban spheres both nationally and internationally. The awards received successfully in Surabaya include adipura, adipura kencana, adiwiyata, nugraha governance rides, and so on. Adipura Cup ever received by Surabaya in the period of 1980s and 1990s for several times, adipura kencana category metropolitan cleanest city in the period of 1990s and in the period 2006 to 2014 as many as nine times in a row, as well as trophy adipura plenary by 2016. The city has also been awarded several times by the central government as one of the city's best air quality in Indonesia. Surabaya in 2012 was awarded "the best city of its participation in Asia Pacific" by Citynet for the success of city government and people's participation in managing the environment. Surabaya has also been awarded the ASEAN Environmentally Sustainable City Award or "the city with the best sustainable environmental arrangement in ASEAN" in 2011 and 2014. However, not least a few areas in Surabaya that still looks less organized, especially in the area of South Surabaya and North Surabaya. This is the concern of the city government to re-arrange the environment of the region.

Culture

Javanese culture in Surabaya has a distinctive characteristic compared to other areas, ie its characteristics are more egalitarian and open. Surabaya is known to have several distinctive arts, namely:

    Ludruk, is the art of drama performances that tells the daily life of the people.
    Remo dance, is a welcome dance that is generally dedicated to special guests
    Kidungan, is pantun yang dilagukan, and contain elements of humor

In addition to the above arts, the calling culture arek or rek (typical call Surabaya) is also a unique characteristic. In addition, in Surabaya also known as other typical call, namely Cak for men and Ning for women. As an effort to preserve the culture, once every year, the selection of Cak & Ning Surabaya is held. Cak & Ning Surabaya and the selected finalists are ambassadors of tourism and icon of Surabaya's young generation.

Every year once held Festival Cak Durasim (FCD), which is an art festival to preserve the culture of Surabaya and East Java in general. Durasim Cak Festival is usually held at Cak Durasim Building, Surabaya. In addition there is also the Arts Festival Surabaya (FSS) which raised all kinds of art forms such as theater, dance, music, literary seminars, painting exhibitions. Fillers usually other than the art group in Surabaya also come from outside Surabaya. Enlivened also screening the movie screen tancap, exhibition T-shirts and so on. Surabaya Art Festival is held every once a year in June and usually located at the Youth Hall.

In addition to Javanese culture, as a city that experienced rapid development, in Surabaya there is also a mixture of various cultures from Madura, Islam, Arab, Chinese, and so forth.

Public service

To serve the needs of clean water, the city government through PDAM is able to supply clean water almost to all areas of Surabaya. In Surabaya there are several rivers that are used as raw water for clean water needs. The water gate located in several rivers in Surabaya is also used to provide clean water for urban residents. To service the electricity needs in Surabaya is served by PT PJB whose head office is also located in Surabaya. In the case of public administration services in Surabaya, the municipal government has adopted an electronic-based public service system, for example providing a One Stop Service Integrated Service (PTSP) system to accelerate licensing services in Surabaya. In addition to PTSP, online licensing system is also applied by the municipality for efficiency in licensing, so that residents do not have to queue in obtaining licensing in Surabaya. Some awards successfully received Surabaya in terms of public services.

Land
Highway

Surabaya is a land transportation center in the eastern part of Java island, which is a meeting of a number of highways connecting Surabaya with other cities. Surabaya is connected to several national roads, namely Route 1 with Merak-Banyuwangi route and Route 15 with Yogyakarta-Surabaya route. Surabaya is also connected with several provincial roads connecting Surabaya with other cities in East Java. The Surabaya-Gresik toll road connects Surabaya to Gresik and the north coast of Java, Surabaya-Porong-Gempol which connects Surabaya to the southern part of East Java, and Waru-Juanda Airport connecting Surabaya with Juanda International Airport. The Surabaya-Porong and Porong-Gempol segments are connected to the Gempol-Pandaan section and will be connected to the Gempol-Pasuruan and Pandaan-Malang sections. The Pandaan-Malang segment will connect Surabaya with Malang, the second largest city in East Java and southern part of East Java, while the Gempol-Pasuruan segment connects Surabaya to the Tapal Kuda area in East Java. The toll roads that will soon connect with Surabaya are the Surabaya-Mojokerto and Kertosono-Mojokerto segments that will connect with the Solo-Ngawi and Ngawi-Kertosono segments connecting Surabaya with Mataraman or West Java and Central Java provinces.

To connect Surabaya with Madura Island, there is Suramadu Bridge which is the longest bridge in Indonesia.
Bus

The intercity bus connection is served by two major bus terminals, namely Purabaya Bus Terminal located in Bungurasih Village, Waru Sub-district, Sidoarjo Regency and Tambak Bus Terminal (Osowilangun) located in Tambaklangon Village, Asemrowo Sub-District, Surabaya City.
Terminal Purabaya
Purabaya Bus Terminal or more popularly known as Bungurasih Terminal, is the busiest bus terminal in Indonesia (with passengers up to 120,000 per day), and the largest bus terminal in Southeast Asia. This terminal is outside the area of Surabaya City (more precisely located in District Waru, Sidoarjo Regency). This terminal serves short, medium and long distance routes (AKAP).
Pond Terminal
Pond Bus Terminal or more popular under the name of Osowilangun Terminal, serving the short and medium distance routes across the north of Java island. This terminal is located in the western part of Surabaya City, precisely in the border area between District Asemrowo and Benowo District.
Mass transit is fast
In Surabaya planned the construction of rapid mass transit system (AMC) / mass rapid transit (MRT). AMC Surabaya is a form of monorail and tram. Surabaya City Government is also planning the implementation of Electronic Road Pricing (ERP) system that is a paid road system so that private vehicle drivers switch to the AMC system. The provision of AMC is aimed to keep Surabaya from continuing congestion. The planned monorail route in Surabaya is Sentra Bulak-PTC (Pakuwon Trade Center), while the Tram route plan in Surabaya is Joyoboyo Terminal-Jalan Panglima Sudirman. The location of the monorail depot is Keputih and the location of the Tram depot is Koblen. The development of the AMC system is the financing of the state budget and the private sector.
Train

The city of Surabaya is connected with a number of cities on the island of Java via rail. Surabaya has 4 major railway stations: Wonokromo, Gubeng, Surabaya Kota, Pasar Turi Station. Pasar Turi Station serves the northern railway line of Java Island with the Surabaya-Semarang-Pekalongan-Tegal-Cirebon-Jakarta (Gumarang, Sembrani, Argo Anggrek) department. Other railway lines in Surabaya are Surabaya-Malang-Blitar (Upstream), Surabaya-Kertosono-Blitar (Dhoho), Surabaya-Bojonegoro-Cepu (KRD), Surabaya Gubeng-Jember-Banyuwangi (East Pearl), Jember-Surabaya- Yogyakarta-Purwokerto (Logawa), Banyuwangi-Yogyakarta (Sri Tanjung), Surabaya Gubeng-Kiaracondong (Pasundan), Surabaya-Lempuyangan-Jakarta (New Style South Night), Surabaya-Semarang Poncol-JAKK (Kertajaya), and SAKK diesel rail trains - Push (Delta Express train). The names of these trains are economy class trains (alit subjects). In addition, there is also a business class train and an executive class train. The central government is also planning the construction of a fast rail line connecting Jakarta-Bandung-Surabaya which will shorten the time between Jakarta-Surabaya from 16 hours to 3 hours.
Regional public transport
For regional transport, there are commuter trains connecting Surabaya-Sidoarjo-Porong, Surabaya-Lamongan, and Surabaya-Mojokerto. Currently also prepared intercity commuter train line connecting Benowo-Perak-Waru. In addition to commuting, the central government also plans to build an electric rail line called KRL Gerbangkertosusila connecting Surabaya, Sidoarjo and Lamongan.

Public transportation within the city
Inner city transport is served by taxi, city bus, city transportation (better known as bemo), angguna (like taxi but no air conditioner, and has a special shape), becak, and motorized becak. Surabaya has a number of inner city terminals, including Joyoboyo, Bratang, and Jembatan Merah, as well as some car rental services that are widely available in this city as an alternative to traveling around the city.
River

In Surabaya, there are boat transportation across Kali Mas / Sungai Mas which is spread over the downtown spots and used as tourism.
Sea

Tanjung Perak Port serves passengers by ferry lines Surabaya-Banjarmasin and Surabaya-Makassar. Tanjung Perak also has a modern passenger port equipped with 2 pieces of garbarata for boats. Tanjung Perak became the first port in Indonesia to provide this facility. Tanjung Perak Port also has a pier that can serve cruises both from domestic and abroad. Between the island of Java with the island of Madura, in addition through the Bridge Suramadu, also can through the Port Ujung located next to the Port of Tanjung Perak with Ujung-Kamal ferry line.
Air
Juanda International Airport is an international airport located in Sedati District, Sidoarjo Regency, East Java. The airport is located 20 km south of downtown Surabaya and serves the flight flows for Surabaya and Gerbangkertosusila and surrounding areas.

Geographically, Juanda International Airport is not located within the area of Surabaya City, but is located in Sedati District, Sidoarjo Regency. Misconceptions also occur in some airports serving other major cities in Indonesia, such as Soekarno-Hatta Airport in Tangerang, Banten, and Kualanamu Airport in Deli Serdang, North Sumatra. However, by international aviation authorities (IATA and ICAO), airports like these are still recognized as airports serving the mobility of major cities and metropolitan areas within their reach. Juanda International Airport is managed by PT Angkasa Pura I.

The construction of a new terminal of 51,500 m² Juanda Airport began around 2005 replacing the old terminal which is only 28,088 m² and has been used since 1964. The new terminal has 11 airbridge or garbarata. The terminal has been in operation starting from November 7, 2006, although it was only inaugurated on 15 November 2006 by President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono. The terminal consists of three floors. Now this terminal building is called Terminal 1 after the operation of terminal 2 in 2014.

The former terminal of Juanda airport which has been dismantled is used for the construction of the terminal of Juanda Airport of 49,500 m² starting from 2011 until it is operated in 2014. The total Juanda Airport consists of two terminals. Terminal 1 is used for domestic flights, while terminal 2 is used for foreign flights as well as all airline services of Garuda Indonesia airlines. Terminal 1 has 11 garbarata, while terminal 2 has 6 garbarata, so the total garbarata at Juanda Airport is 17 units. Terminal 1 can accommodate about 7 million passengers, while Terminal 2 accommodates about 6.5 million passengers, so that the current capacity of Juanda Airport can accommodate about 14 million passengers. In the near future will also begin construction of terminal 3 Juanda Airport and a new runway to parse the density that often occurs in this airport.

Most flights at Juanda Airport already use airbridge / garbarata, but some still use stairs, especially for domestic aircraft and charter.

DAMRI bus is provided by the local government which can deliver passengers to Terminal Purabaya at a cost of Rp 15.000, -. In November 2006, coinciding with the opening of Terminal 1, the transportation system began operations.
Infrastructure
Until 2009, the growth of road length in Surabaya was only about 0.01% per year. This is not comparable with the growth of motor vehicles which reach about 7 - 8% every year. Congestion that occurred in Surabaya was triggered by the growth of vehicles that are not comparable with road capacity. To reduce the congestion, the city government has built many new roads, including the construction of the frontage road of Ahmad Yani road, divided into the east and west sides of each 4 km long. This slow lane is planned to pass through Buduran area, Sidoarjo regency.
In addition, the city government has completed the construction of the East East Ring Road (MERR), which is a 10.98 km long ring road between Kenjeran and Tambak Sumur that connects Suramadu Bridge and Juanda International Airport; and Suroboyo Bridge which stretching over the sea along 780 meters connecting Kenjeran Beach area, Bulak Fishing Center, and East Ring Road to reduce congestion in East and North Surabaya area. The city government also intensified the construction of a massive culvert box in Surabaya to reduce congestion and to anticipate flooding. The Surabaya city government is also starting construction of two new ring roads, the 17km-long Outer East Ring Road (OERR) between Kenjeran and Mount Anyar which also connects between Suramadu Bridge and Juanda International Airport and the West Outer Ring Road West Outer Ring Road / WORR) of 26.1 km between the Romokalisari to Lakarsantri areas connecting the south of Surabaya with the Lamong Bay Harbor Terminal.
In addition to building a ring road, the city government also immediately began construction of underground roads (underpass) on the roads Mayjen Sungkono and Ahmad Yani, and flyover (flyover) on the road Ahmad Yani. The problem of flooding is also a serious threat to the citizens of the city. To anticipate flooding, the city government has built many pumping houses scattered in several Surabaya points, among them Mulyorejo and Jemursari. In addition to pumping houses, the city government also built many parks that are used as a source of water absorption as well as interacting areas of citizens, and perform cleaning and maintenance of major rivers in Surabaya intensively. To accommodate the needs of pedestrians and tourists, the Surabaya city government built bike lanes in many protocol roads in Surabaya, as well as pedestrian lanes that are almost evenly distributed throughout Surabaya.