Medan City is the capital of North Sumatra province, Indonesia. The city is the third largest city in Indonesia after Jakarta and Surabaya, as well as the largest city outside of Java Island. Medan City is the gateway to the western part of Indonesia with the presence of Belawan Port and Kuala Namu International Airport which is the second largest airport in Indonesia. Access from the city center to the port and airport is completed by motorways and trains. Medan is the first city in Indonesia to integrate the airport by train. Bordering the Strait of Malacca makes Medan a very important city of commerce, industry and business in Indonesia.
Medan originated from a village founded by Master Patimpus at the Deli River and Babura River meeting. The anniversary of Medan City was set on July 1, 1590. Subsequently in 1632, Medan became the central government of Deli Sultanate, a Malay kingdom. The Europeans began to discover Medan since the arrival of John Anderson of England in 1823. Civilization in Medan continued to grow until the Dutch East Indies Government granted city status and made it the seat of East Sumatra Residency. Entering the 20th century, Medan became an important city outside Java, especially after the colonial government opened a large plantation company.
Medan is a multiethnic city where the population consists of people with different cultural and religious backgrounds. In addition to Malay as its early inhabitants, Medan is dominated by ethnic Javanese, Batak, Tionghoa, Mandailing, and India. The majority of Medan residents work in the trade sector, so there are many shops found in various corners of the city. In addition to the provincial government offices, there are also consulate offices in Medan, including the United States, Japan, Malaysia and Germany.
The history of the field city
Medan is derived from the Tamil word Maidhan or Maidhanam, which means a large field or place, adopted into Malay.
The anniversary of Medan City is commemorated every year since 1970 and was originally set to fall on 1 April 1909. But this date has been strongly denounced by the press and some historians. Therefore, the Mayor established the Medan City anniversary commemorative committee for conduct research and investigation.
Decree of the Mayor of the Municipality of Medan no. 342 dated 25 May 1971 which was then held by Drs. Sjoerkani formed Medan City Anniversary Research Committee. Sitting as Chairman is Prof. Mahadi, SH, Secretary Syahruddin Siwan, MA, Members are Ny. Mariam Darus, SH and T.Luckman, SH.
To further intensify the activities of this committee was issued again the Decree of Mayor of Medan municipality No.618 on October 28, 1971 on the Formation of the Committee of History of Medan with Chairman Prof.Mahadi, SH, Secretary Syahruddin Siwan, MA and Members H. Mohammad Said, Dada Meuraxa, Lieutenant Colonel. Nas Sebayang, Nasir Tim Sutannaga, M.Solly Lubis, SH, Drs.Payung Bangun, MA and R. Muslim Akbar.
Medan DPRD fully supports the activities of this committee so they form a Special Committee chaired by M.A. Harahap, with members include Drs.M.Hasan Ginting, Ny. Djanius Djamin, SH, Badar Kamil, BA and Mas Sutarjo.
For a while called the name of Master Patimpus as the opening of a village at the confluence of two rivers babura and river deli, disebuah village called Medan Puteri. Although very minimal data about Guru Patimpus as the founder of Medan City. Even if there is, it is said that there was once a manuscript of Pustaha Overlay Silver who supposedly named Master Patimpus, although the manuscript was never seen by the formulation team.
It was set based on the forecast that on July 1, 1590 it was proposed to the Mayor of Medan to serve as the anniversary of Medan in the form of a village, which was then taken to the Session of TK.II of Medan to be ratified. Based on the DPRD Session on 10 January 1973 it was determined that the proposal could be perfected.
In accordance with that by the Mayor of Medan District Head Mayor issued Decree No. 744 dated February 14, 1973 so that the City History Compilers Committee continues its activities to get a more perfect result. Based on the formulation conducted by the Medan City Anniversary Special Committee chaired by M.A.Harahap March 1975 that date of July 1, 1590.
Officially, the Regional House of Representatives of Tk.II Medan decided on 1 July 1590 as the Anniversary of Medan City and annulled the anniversary of Medan City which is commemorated on 1 April every year at the previous time.
In Medan City also became the center of Malay Sultanate Deli, which previously was the Kingdom of Aru. The Deli Sultanate was a Malay sultanate founded in 1632 by Tuanku Panglima Gocah Pahlawan in the area called Tanah Deli (now Medan City and Deli Serdang Regency, Indonesia).
John Anderson, an Englishman who visited the Deli in 1833, discovered a village called Medan. This village has a population of 200 people and a leader named Raja Berayan island has for several years settled there to collect taxes from the canoes transporting pepper down the river. In 1886, Medan officially gained status as a city, and the following year became the capital of the Residency of East Sumatra as well as the capital of the Deli Sultanate. In 1909, Medan became an important city outside Java, especially after the colonial government opened a large plantation company. The first city council consisted of 12 European members, two Malay bumiputras, and a Chinese.
In the late 19th and early 20th centuries there were two major waves of migration to Medan. The first wave was the arrival of Chinese and Javanese as porters of plantation contracts. But after 1880 the plantation companies stopped bringing Chinese people, as most of them fled the fields and often rioted. The company then fully brought the Javanese as a porter of the plantation. The former Chinese plantation workers were then encouraged to develop the trade sector. The second wave was the arrival of Minangkabau, Mandailing and Aceh. They came to Medan not to work as plantation laborers, but to trade, became teachers and clerics.
Since 1950, Medan has several times expanded the area, from 1,853 ha to 26,510 ha in 1974. Thus within 25 years after the transfer of sovereignty, the city of Medan has grown by almost eighteen fold.
Geography of Medan City
Medan City has an area of 26,510 hectares (265.10 km²) or 3.6% of the total area of North Sumatra. Thus, compared to other cities / districts, Medan has a relatively small area with a relatively large population. Geographically Medan city is located at 3 ° 30 '- 3 ° 43' North Latitude and 98 ° 35 '- 98 ° 44' East Longitude. For that the topography of Medan tend to tilt to the north and located at an altitude of 2.5-37.5 meters above sea level.
Deli Serdang Regency is one of the areas rich in natural resources (SDA), especially in the field of plantation and forestry. Because Medan is geographically supported by areas rich in natural resources, such as Deli Serdang, Labuhan Batu, Simalungun, North Tapanuli, South Tapanuli, Mandailing Natal, Karo, Binjai and others. This condition makes the city of Medan economically able to develop various cooperation and partnership parallel, mutually beneficial, mutually reinforcing with the surrounding areas.
In addition, as the outskirts of the Malacca Strait shipping line, Medan has a strategic position as a gate (entrance) for the trade of goods and services, both domestic and foreign (export-import). This geographical position of Medan has encouraged the development of cities in the two poles of physical growth, namely Belawan and central Medan today.
River
There are at least nine rivers that cross this city:
- Belawan River
- River Badera
- Sikambing River
- White River
- Babura River
- Deli River
- Sulang-Saling River
- The Monkey River
- Tuntungan River
In addition, to prevent floods that continue to hit some areas of Medan, the government has created a large canal project better known as East Kanal Medan.
Climate of Medan city
Based on the Köppen climate classification, Medan has a tropical rain forest climate with an unclear dry season. The field has wetter and drier months, with the driest month (February) on average experiencing a precipitation of about a third of the wettest month (October). The temperature in this city averages around 27 degrees Celsius throughout the year. The annual precipitation in Medan is about 2200 mm.
Demographics
Based on population data in 2005, the population of Medan is estimated to have reached 2,036,018 people, with the number of women larger than men, (1,010,174 souls> 995,968 inhabitants). The population is known to be a permanent resident, while the non-permanent population is estimated to reach more than 500,000 people, who are commuters.
Based on the 2010 Population Census of Indonesia, the population of Medan amounted to 2,109,339 people. The population of Medan consists of 1,040,680 men and 1,068,659 women. Together with its metropolitan area (Binjai City and Deli Serdang Regency) Medan population reach 4,144,583 inhabitants. Thus Medan is the city with the largest population in Sumatra and the fourth in Indonesia.
Most of the population of Medan comes from the age group 0-19 and 20-39 years (41% and 37.8% of the total population respectively). Judging from the age structure of the population, Medan occupied approximately 1,377,751 people of productive age, (15-59 years). Furthermore, seen from the level of education, the average length of school population has reached 10.5 years. Thus, there is relatively sufficient labor available, which can work on many types of companies, both services, trade, and manufacturing industries.
Population growth rate of Medan period 2000-2004 tended to increase, where population growth rate in 2000 was equal to 0,09% and become 0,63% in year 2004. The highest number of population exist in Sub Medan Deli, followed by Medan Helvetia and Medan Tembung. The lowest number of residents is in Medan Baru, Medan Maimun and Medan Polonia districts. The highest population density is in Kecamatan Medan Perjuangan, Medan Area, and East Medan. In 2004, life expectancy for men was 69 years while for women was 71 years.
Ethnicity
The city of Medan has a wide variety of ethnicities with the majority of ethnic Javanese, Batak, Tionghoa, and Minangkabau. The ethnic origin is Malay. The ethnic diversity in Medan is seen from the number of mosques, churches and Chinese temples scattered throughout the city. The area around Jl. Zainul Arifin is known as Kampung Keling, which is a residential area of Indian descent.
Historically, in 1918 it was recorded that Medan is inhabited by 43,826 inhabitants. Of these, 409 were European descendants, 35,009 Indonesians, 8,269 Chinese, and 139 were from other Eastern races.
Tourism site
There are many old buildings in Medan that still leaves typical Dutch architecture. For example: Old Town Hall Building, Medan Post Office, Tirtanadi Water Tower (which is an icon of Medan), Titi Gantung - a bridge over railroad tracks, Post Office, Bank Indonesia, London Sumatera Building and old buildings in Kesawan area.
In addition, there are still some historic buildings, including the Palace Maimun, Masjid Raya Medan, Masjid Raya Al Osmani and also home Tjong A Fie in the area Jl. Jend. Ahmad Yani (Kesawan).
Kesawan area still leaves old buildings, such as buildings of PT London Sumatra, and old shophouses like those found in Penang, Malaysia and Singapore. These shophouses, have now been transformed into a bustling hawker center in the evening. Currently the City Government plans Medan as City Shopping and Food Center. It is hoped that this program will increase traffic flow and long stay of tourists to this city.
Transportation
Medan's uniqueness lies in its motorized becak (becak mesin / becak motor) which can be found almost all over Medan. In contrast to regular rickshaws (pedicab drivers), motor rickshaws can carry passengers anywhere in the city. In addition to pedicab, in the city also available public transport shaped minibus (angkot / oplet) and taxis. The pedicab driver is beside the pedicab, not behind the pedicab as it is in Java, which makes it easy for the becak of Medan to go through a tortuous path and allows it to be produced at a minimal price, as it requires only a few modifications to make regular bicycles or motorcycles usable as a becak driver. This design takes the design of a German war-tied motorcycle in World War II.
The most typical name for public transportation is Sudako. Sudako initially used Daihatsu S38 minibus with 2 capacity 500cc engine. The shape is a modification of the pickup car. On the back are placed two long chairs so passengers sit facing each other and very close to the knees with passengers in front of him.
The first route of sudako is "Lin 01", (Lin is the same as the route) which connects between Pasar Merah area (Jl HM Joni), Jl. Amaliun and Sambu terminals, which are the first central terminal of small and medium passenger transport. Currently "Daihatsu S38 500 cc" is no longer used because of the age factor, and changed with new cars like Toyota Kijang, Isuzu Panther, Daihatsu Zebra, and Daihatsu Espass.
In addition, there is another transport that is bemo, which comes from India. Three-wheeled and strong enough to climb with carrying 11 passengers. Bemo was later replaced by a bajaj that also originated in India, which in Medan is known as "toyoko".
The train connects Medan to Tanjungpura in the northwest, Belawan in the north, and Binjai-Tebing Tinggi-Pematang Siantar and Tebing Tinggi-Kisaran-Tanjungbalai-Rantau Prapat in the southeast. Belmera Toll Road connects Medan with Belawan and Tanjung Morawa. The Medan-Kuala Namu-Tebing Tinggi and Medan-Binjai toll roads are also being planned.
By the end of 2015, Trans Mebidang Bus Rapid Transit system has been operating in Medan city, Binjai city and Deli Sedang district.
Sea
Belawan Harbor is located in the northern part of the city. This port is Indonesia's busiest port outside Java. The ferry service connects Belawan with Penang in Malaysia.
Air
Polonia International Airport is located right in the heart of the city, formerly connecting Medan with other big cities inside and outside Indonesia. Since on the day of July 25, 2013, Polonia's operations were suspended and transferred to Kuala Namu International Airport in Kuala Namu, Beringin Village, Beringin Sub-district, Deli Serdang Regency which connects Medan and its surroundings with cities such as Bandung, Palembang, Jakarta, Surabaya and Kuala Lumpur in Malaysia and Singapore.
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