Anoa is an endemic animal of Sulawesi, as well as the mascot of Southeast Sulawesi province. Based on the location of its distribution, this animal belongs to the transitional fauna. Since the 1960s, anoa is in an endangered status. In the last five years the anoa population has dropped dramatically. It is estimated that there are currently less than 5000 surviving tails. Anoa is often hunted for the skin, horns and meat.
There are two species of anoa, namely: mountain Anoa (Bubalus quarlesi) and lowland Anoa (Bubalus depressicornis). Both species live in forests that are not covered by humans. Both also include an aggressive and difficult to tame species to be domesticated. Both types are differentiated based on horn shape and body size. Lowland Anoa is relatively smaller, tail is shorter and softer, and has a circular horn. While the mountain anoa is larger, the tail is long, has white legs, and has a rough horn with a triangular cross section. Their appearance is similar to a buffalo, weighing 150-300 kilograms and 75 centimeters tall. Currently, anoa conservation is focused on protecting forests and captive areas. Many call anoa as a dwarf buffalo.
Habitat
The anoa habitat is in the plains tropical forest, savanna (savanna), sometimes also found in swamps. They are forest dwellers whose lives move around. When they encounter their enemies, anoa will defend themselves by plunging into the marshes and if forced to fight, they will use their horns.
In contrast to cows who prefer to live in groups, anoa live semi-solitary, ie live alone or in pairs and will only meet with her flock if the female will give birth. They are most active in the morning and evening, when the air is still cold. Because anoa have a habit of cooling their bodies, that's why sometimes they like to soak in mud or water.
Food
Anoas include herbivorous animals. In the wild, anoa eat aquatic feeds, such as ferns, grasses, tree buds, falling fruits, and tuber types. Lowland Anoas sometimes also drink seawater suspected to meet their mineral needs. In the highlands, anoa also licks natural salt to meet its mineral needs.
Reproduction
Every year, the average anoa mother gives birth to only one baby anoa. Anoa can survive about 20 years to 25 years, and is able to mate and breed at the age of 2 years to 3 years. The period of pregnancy occurs for 276 days to 315 days. Anoa babies born to only one mother, and very rarely they to give birth to two babies anoa. At birth, anoa babies have golden or yellow-brown feathers and are very thick. The color will slowly turn darker as it grows.
The name Anoa made the product name by PT Pindad for armored military vehicles
Pindad APS-3 ANOA
APS-3 "Anoa" (short for Medium Personnel Carrier) English is a military armored vehicle made by PT Pindad (Persero), Indonesia. This vehicle is used to transport personnel or known as armored or armored personnel carriers (English: Armored personnel carrier or APC). The name of ANOA itself is taken from Anoa animal name that is buffalo animal which is native animal of Sulawesi. The prototype was first shown publicly on the 61st anniversary of the TNI on 5 October 2006 at TNI headquarters, Cilangkap.
History
The Pindad APS-3 was officially presented to the public on Indo Defense & Aerospace on November 19, 2008 to November 22, 2008 after being shown at the TNI military parade on October 5, 2008. On August 30, 2008, 10 APS-3s were produced and planned to Produced as many as 150 pieces for the Army for the assignment of the ANOA in 2009. 20 The Panzer was handed over to the Indonesian Government through the Ministry of Defense, part of an agreement from 150 to 40 units only because of the economic crisis. 40 Panzer is finally sent as a commitment PT Pindad to meet the total orders of 154 Panzer. 33 was submitted to the Ministry of Defense on 13 January 2010. Pindad has received an injection of loan funds from Bank Mandiri, Bank BNI 46 and Bank BRI as part of payments for manufacturing the Panzers
History of Use
Since April 9, 2010 13 ANOAs have been used to escort the UN peace mission in Lebanon with the TNI Garuda Mechanical Control Unit Battalion XXIII-D / UNIFIL. ANOA 6x6 and 4x4 commonly used to escort the important activities of the country. On 15 November 2011 ANOA 6x6 variant using heavy weapon Weight Machine 7.62 mm was used as a combat vehicle for patrol and guard ring at the ASEAN Summit in Nusa Dua, Bali. ANOA is also used by Paspampres to escort the presidential visits. In addition to official activities, ANOA is also used for car-free day security at Bundaran HI.
Development
The history of the development of Pindad Panzer began in 2003 as a result of increased military intervention in Aceh province. During the Military Operations in Aceh, the Army requested very urgent personnel transport vehicles to transport troops.
Pindad responded to this request in 2004, with APR-1V (Freight of Light Personnel) an armored vehicle based on Isuzu truck chassis. However, further orders for 26 further vehicles were canceled due to the 2004 Tsunami.
Pindad continues the development of APS with assistance from BPPT. The next prototype is the Pindad APS-1, a 6x6 design based on a magazine Sasi Perkasi made by PT Texmaco. Although not eligible for production, the experience gained from the development of APS-1 convinced the Indonesian Army to give Pindad a green light to create the next generation of Pan-Asian raids Pindad APS-2 with a production cost of 600 million rupiahs.
In 2006 Pindad and BPPT initiated the development of APS-3 which can not only maneuver on land but also in shallow waters and lakes. This development produces a 4x4 variant, and is further refined to apply amphibious capabilities to the 6x6 variant. The first prototype trial was conducted early in 2007, and on August 10, 2008, the first 10 APS-3 ANOA armored pansers were produced. In 2009, the first Panzer was handed over to the Ministry of Defense.
Due to the excellent ANOA performance and independence program of Alutsista currently being pursued by the Pindad Defense Department continue the development of combat vehicles based on ANOA templates such as logistic, recovery, ambulance and combatant variants that are no longer categorized as personnel transport vehicles such as ANOA IFV and ANOA Canon.
At the visit of Vice Minister of Defense Indonesia, Syafrie Syamsudin on December 20, 2011, has emerged the latest form of variants of the ANOA variant of the canon (the renewed) and wheeled variants. This chain-wheeled variant is not like a canon variant, it is still included as a ranpur of personnel, differences exist in form and specification and not role in combat.
Design
ANOA APS-3 is different from its predecessor (APS-1 and APS-2) developed from commercial trucks. "Anoa" uses a monocoque armored design body. New torque rod suspension system was developed for this panser. Engines and transmissions using Renault products from France. The driver sits on the right and the commander sits on the left side of the vehicle. The shape and weaponry of the ANOA is very similar to a French-made personnel transport vehicle, VAB. The protection provided by the steel layer and the ANOA frame has a level 3 STANAG 3, which means it can withstand a kinetic bullet up to 7.62x51 mm of standard NATO Armor Piercing from 30 meters at 930 m / s and can withstand a mine explosion up to 8 kg in mass Wheel axle and in the middle of the body.
The ANOA armament to date is a heavy caliber machine gun 12.7 mm and 7.62 mm, a 7.62mm caliber Weapon System rifle and 40 mm caliber grenade launcher. For self-defense ANOA is equipped with 2 × 3 66 mm smoke screeners. In the future, other variants of ANOA will use 20 mm cannon with additional 7.62 mm machine guns on it for ANOA IFV and 90 mm CSE Cockerill MKII Belgian gun for ANOA Kanon. The driving source of the ANOA is the Renault Engine and Transmission, but local options are being developed further. The Renault engine is a turbocharged MIDR 062045 turbo engine with 320 horsepower. ANOA also has a centralized tire blowing system.
Type of Pindad type ANOA
Here are the variants that have been and will be produced by Pindad:
ANOA 4x4
Tactical vehicle (rantis) wheel 4 which includes the type of Armored Personnel Carrier (APC). Only 4 units were made for the Army and there has been no additional unit for this variant.
ANOA 6x6
The 6th most-produced wheeled version, 154 pieces are made and will be titled by the Army. 13 UN-shaded white ANOA units sent to Lebanon for UN peacekeeping missions The ANOA model has traditional 7.62 mm or 12.7 mm standard armor, and a 66mm caliber smoke cauterizer.
Panzer Pindad APS-3 6x6 Variant on Indo Defense 2008 using UN scheme paint
The latest model of ANOA 6x6 is ANOA V2 which has improved technology without dramatically changing the physical shape of ANOA. ANOA V2 has the advantages of a convex-shaped coupola that can reflect more effective bullets, ramp door system capable of manual or automatic functioning (in case of electronic malfunction of the door can still be opened by hand), folded seats, Remote Weapon System caliber 7.62 Mm so it is not necessary to manually fired a machine gun from a kit, as well as an easy-to-use windows security system that was able to close the security window from the outside, is now capable of doing from within. Variant 6x6 capable of carrying 13 personnel both V1 and V2, Varian V2 also has a waterjet that allows more agile movement in shallow waters.
In early 2012, there are sightings of ANOAs that use ceramic plates for additional ballistic protection. It is not clear that this ceramic plate is locally made or imported from France or South Africa as it is installed in AAB VAB, according to the photo uploader of this plate imported from South Africa. Most likely the level of protection from this plate is not far from the ceramic plate installed in his elder brother.
ANOA 8x8
Wheeled version 8 is also being developed by Pindad but still in the form of a model. The form of the model is very different from the 6x6 variant, using a canon like 6x6 version of the canon that has not yet been specified.
Chain Wheel Variants
On the visit of the Deputy Minister of Defense Indonesia, Syafrie Syamsudin on December 20, 2011, has emerged the latest form of variant of the canon variants and canon variants of chain wheels. According to the editors on the internet, this variant has a specification similar to the 6x6 variant, which is 10 passengers, empty weight 10 tons, thickness of 10 mm protective steel and 400 km cruising range. The form of this variant differs from the 6x6 variant, with a low silhouette and more referring to the eastern block design such as BTR-50 and BMP-3.
ANOA Intai
The ANOA with the interstitial designation opened to the public in 2011, has a 20 mm caliber cannon with heavy machine guns and smokescreen. Not yet clear further specification of this Intai variant in addition to weaponry and physical appearance.
ANOA IFV
ANOA with the infantry fighting vehicle designation (Indonesia: infantry fighting vehicle) whose job is to provide shooting aid with 20 mm cannon cannon, it is not clear what this ranpur looks like. According to PT.Pindad Special Vehicle Division's Production Manager, Yadi Kussuryadi, this ranpur is IFV (Infantry Fighting Vehicle) type. "Ranpur is designed to anticipate the needs of the Mechanical Infantry Battalion", Yadi explained. This Ranpur has 5 crews ie 2 personnel and 3 vehicle pengemak pengelian vehicle operation. The ANOA variant is intended for mechanical battalions as combat vehicles aid for infantry battles. "We plan to cooperate with South Korea in 2012," said Tri Hardjono Manufacturing Product Director in Bandung West Java on Tuesday (1/11) on the development of Canon and IFV canopies.
Canon ANOA
This Panzer is a development project of Panzone Pindad ANOA 6x6. This armored gun system uses CSE-90 / MK-III made by CMI Defense, Belgium. CSE-90 90mm caliber is also equipped with 7.62mm coaxial machine gun. For communication devices use Intercom set VHF / FM with anti-jamming facility and hopping channel capable. Other battle equipment are night vision goggles (Night Vision Google), GPS, and weapon sensor devices. It is possible that this variant is named Tarantula and cooperates with the South Korean Defense Industry in its development. This variant is intended as a shot aid for cavalry battalions. On December 20, 2011 Wamenhan visited Pindad to see the development of the research there, showing a newer form of the canon ANOA.
Waiting for certainty specification and naming of this variant finally completed, on July 25, 2013, Pindad has finished assembling 11 units of Doosan Dental Tarantula panser. For now, Pindad is only in charge of assembling and testing the feasibility of these armors and there has been no indication of the level of panser manufacturing as it has been. The total variant of Tarantula ordered by TNI is 22 units, 11 others have been assembled in South Korea by Doosan. Actually, this vehicle has been ordered since 2009, but because of the demand for special ability by the Indonesian side, then the process becomes delayed. On the anniversary of the TNI dated October 5, 2013, several Tarantula units have been exhibited and used TNI-AD camo.
Finally in the Year 2014, Pindad in collaboration with CMI Defense Belgium Released Variant of Anoa Kanon Improvement which was shown in previous years Dan named Badak by Mr. Vice President HM Jusuf Kalla at Indo Defense Exhibition 2014. End of Year 2015 Rhino Finally foam get Certification From the Army Army in advance Order 50 Units
Support variant
In addition to combatant variants, ANOA also has other variants such as Medical Transports, Transport Logistics, Armored Recovery Vehicle (serves as a ranpur penderek having difficulty moving or severe damage), mortar variants and Rantis Police.
Export Variant
Malaysia is interested in purchasing a number of ANOA from PT Pindad and named Rimau which means tiger in Malay. It is not clear what is the difference between the standard 6x6 ANOA variants, most likely the difference is in machines that no longer use Renault engines but use the Mercedes-Benz engine which has a capacity of 7000 cc and 320 horsepower.
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