Bunaken National Park is a marine park located in North Sulawesi, Indonesia. The park is located in the Coral Triangle, a habitat for 390 species of coral reefs as well as various species of fish, mollusks, reptiles and marine mammals. Bunaken National Park is representative of Indonesia's marine ecosystems, covering seagrass meadows, coral reefs and coastal ecosystems.
This national park was established in 1991 and covers an area of 890.65 km ². 97% of the national park is a marine habitat, while the remaining 3% is land, covering five islands: Bunaken, Manado Tua, Mantehage, Naen and Siladen.
Bunaken Island
Bunaken is an 8.08 km² island in Manado Bay, located in the north of Sulawesi island, Indonesia. The island is part of the city of Manado, the capital of North Sulawesi province, Indonesia. Bunaken Island can be taken by speed boat (speed boat) or charter boat with a journey of about 30 minutes from the port city of Manado. Around Bunaken Island there is Bunaken marine park which is part of Bunaken National Park. This marine park has one of the highest marine biodiversity in the world. Scuba diving attracts many visitors to this island. Overall Bunaken marine park covers an area of 75,265 hectares with five islands in it, namely Manado Tua Island (Manarauw), Bunaken Island, Siladen Island, Mantehage Island along with some of the island's children, and Naen Island. Although it covers an area of 75,265 hectares, diving sites are limited to each of the beaches that surround the five islands.
Bunaken marine park has 20 dive spots (dive spot) with varying depths up to 1344 meters. Of the 20 diving points, 12 diving points of which are located around Bunaken Island. Twelve diving point is the most frequented by divers and lovers of beauty underwater scenery.
Most of the 12 dive spots on Bunaken Island are lined from the southeast to the northwest of the island. In this region there are underwater great walls, also called hanging walls, or giant coral walls that stand vertically and curved upward. Coral wall is also a source of food for fish in the waters around Bunaken Island.
Unfortunately due to the big name, many Indonesians who never even set foot in Lumimuut Land, felt to know and know about Bunaken, talking about Bunaken National Park, is talking about International Heritage and a miracle of Bunaken. Many researchers from abroad deeply regretted misinformation from Indonesia. Bunaken is more than just know in books, Bunaken is a diving experience.
Flora and fauna
Bunaken National Park has a very rich coral reef ecosystem. There are about 390 species of coral reefs in the region. Species of algae that can be found in Bunaken National Park are Caulerpa, Halimeda and Padina, while the species of seaweed encountered are Thalassia hemprichii, Enhallus acoroides, and Thalassaodendron ciliatum. Bunaken National Park also has various species of fish, marine mammals, reptiles, birds, mollusks and mangroves. About 90 species of fish live in the waters of this region.
On land, the island is rich in Arecaceae, sago, woka, silar and coconut. In addition, Bunaken National Park also has terrestrial animal species living on land, such as deer and cuscus. The mangrove forest in this park becomes a habitat for crabs, lobsters, molluscs and seabirds.
Human activity
In this region, there are 22 villages with a population of about 35,000 people. Most of them work as fishermen or coconut farmers, sweet potatoes, bananas and seaweed for export, while others work as guides, workers in cottages and skippers.
Tourism in this region continues to be developed. Between 2003 and 2006, the number of visitors in Bunaken National Park reached 32,000 to 39,000 people, with 8-10,000 of them foreign tourists.
Conservation and threats
Bunaken National Park was officially established in 1991 and is one of Indonesia's first marine parks. In 2005, Indonesia registered this national park to UNESCO to be included in the World Heritage Site. Despite having national park status and sufficient funding, the park has minor degradation from coral reef mining, anchor damage, bomb and cyanide use in fishing, diving and garbage. World Wildlife Fund (WWF) provides conservation assistance as part of the "Sulu Sulawesi Marine Eco-region Action Plan". Conservation includes patrols, which successfully reduce the use of bombs in fishing.
Tourism
Bunaken National Park is a tourist attraction located in the Gulf of Manado - North Sulawesi with an area of about 8.08 km square, this tourist spot is one part of the government of Manado city which is the capital of North Sulawesi. here there is a very beautiful Marine Park located around the island of Manado Tua (Mantehage and Siladen). to enjoy the atmosphere under the sea Bunaken you have to dive into and move to the rhythm of the waves that flow.
Amazing underwater enchantment you can find here, there are about 13 types of coral reefs that dropped steep vertically down about 25 - 50 meters deep. You will also be pampered with views that are served by about 91 species of fish in the Marine Park Bunaken. among others, white koi (Seriola rivoliana), local gusimi (hippocampus), indigo gasi (Scolopsis bilineatus), goropa (spinotocepsep hinephelus and hypselosoma Pseudanthias), yellow tail lollic (Lutjanus kasmira), and many others. not only that here are also found many mollusks such as goat head fish (Cassis cornuta), nautilus (Nautilus pompillius), giant clams (Tridacna gigas) and tunikates or askidian.
For the traveler who loves scuba diving, this place is one of the best to do the activities. there are about 20 points that can be used for diving, where you will get a chance to swim into the sea surrounded by a variety of marine life is very fascinating.
Bunaken this one can be very famous as it is now due to the beauty of the marine park, this tour was discovered in 1975, and used as a mainstay tourist attraction of North Sulawesi. in fact the territory of Bunaken has been populated by the population since 1400, and the first inhabitants of this place are immigrants from the kingdom of Bowontehu (Manado Tua) and the occupied territories include Bunaken, Mantehage, Siladen, Naen, Talise, Bangka, Ganges and Territories the northern coast of the Minahasa peninsula
In the 1850s, the people who occupied Tanjung Parigi moved to the Southeast, located on the edge of the beach and directly opposite the city of Manado itself. then the community established a land which they named "Wunakeng" which stands for the name "Kinawungakeng", said Kinawunakeng itself has a meaning of residence. Then on its development, the word "Wunakeng" itself was changed to Bunaken which stands for "Pamunakeng" which means the landing of a boat.
At first the Bunaken National Marine Park was discovered by a group of divers from Manado City who tried to do diving expeditions here in 1975. And while they were doing diving, local fishermen warned the divers that the places they dive in evil spirit, but the divers did not flinch and continue to do diving activities. after they trace the place under the sea of Bunaken, the divers discovered the sea plants on the coral walls are still pure and rare fish, which makes them amazed to see such a fantastic scene. Bunaken since then became a very fascinating tourist attractions in North Sulawesi. then in 1991 this place became one of the National Parks in Indonesia and in 2005 Bunaken National Park became one of the world heritage sites after being registered to UNIESCO.
To reach the tourist area of Bunaken National Park is very young. If you travel by air, you can directly transit at Sam Ratulangi International Airport in Manado City. where the airport is connected with other big cities in Indonesia such as Jakarta, Surabaya, Makasar, Balikpapan and also Denpasar Bali. other than that for you who come from abroad such as Malaysia, Singapore, Philippines can also directly transit at this Airport.
Then from Sam Ratulangi Airport your journey continues to Manado City by taxi transportation, from Manado to Bunaken Island itself, the journey continues through Manado's port to Marina Blue Banter and Marina Nusantara Diving Center (NDC) in Kecamatan Molas, approximately 30 minutes. after arriving at Marina Blue Banter is still required 10 to 15 minutes trip by cruise to the dive site, semantara if you pass the Marina Nusantara Diving Center (NDC) takes 20 minutes. Besides other alternatives to get to Bunaken Island from Manado, you can use boat transportation that you can rent from Marina and Pasar Bersehati
Then for admission to Bunaken National Park, you can get it by buying in Manado city exactly at Bunaken National Park Office, besides you can also get it at some ticket sales counter in Liang village (Bunaken island) or in Siladen
Amazing underwater enchantment you can find here, there are about 13 types of coral reefs that dropped steep vertically down about 25 - 50 meters deep. You will also be pampered with views that are served by about 91 species of fish in the Marine Park Bunaken. among others, white koi (Seriola rivoliana), local gusimi (hippocampus), indigo gasi (Scolopsis bilineatus), goropa (spinotocepsep hinephelus and hypselosoma Pseudanthias), yellow tail lollic (Lutjanus kasmira), and many others. not only that here are also found many mollusks such as goat head fish (Cassis cornuta), nautilus (Nautilus pompillius), giant clams (Tridacna gigas) and tunikates or askidian.
For the traveler who loves scuba diving, this place is one of the best to do the activities. there are about 20 points that can be used for diving, where you will get a chance to swim into the sea surrounded by a variety of marine life is very fascinating.
History of Bunaken Tourism
Bunaken this one can be very famous as it is now due to the beauty of the marine park, this tour was discovered in 1975, and used as a mainstay tourist attraction of North Sulawesi. in fact the territory of Bunaken has been populated by the population since 1400, and the first inhabitants of this place are immigrants from the kingdom of Bowontehu (Manado Tua) and the occupied territories include Bunaken, Mantehage, Siladen, Naen, Talise, Bangka, Ganges and Territories the northern coast of the Minahasa peninsula
In the 1850s, the people who occupied Tanjung Parigi moved to the Southeast, located on the edge of the beach and directly opposite the city of Manado itself. then the community established a land which they named "Wunakeng" which stands for the name "Kinawungakeng", said Kinawunakeng itself has a meaning of residence. Then on its development, the word "Wunakeng" itself was changed to Bunaken which stands for "Pamunakeng" which means the landing of a boat.
At first the Bunaken National Marine Park was discovered by a group of divers from Manado City who tried to do diving expeditions here in 1975. And while they were doing diving, local fishermen warned the divers that the places they dive in evil spirit, but the divers did not flinch and continue to do diving activities. after they trace the place under the sea of Bunaken, the divers discovered the sea plants on the coral walls are still pure and rare fish, which makes them amazed to see such a fantastic scene. Bunaken since then became a very fascinating tourist attractions in North Sulawesi. then in 1991 this place became one of the National Parks in Indonesia and in 2005 Bunaken National Park became one of the world heritage sites after being registered to UNIESCO.
Travel Route Towards Bunaken National Park
To reach the tourist area of Bunaken National Park is very young. If you travel by air, you can directly transit at Sam Ratulangi International Airport in Manado City. where the airport is connected with other big cities in Indonesia such as Jakarta, Surabaya, Makasar, Balikpapan and also Denpasar Bali. other than that for you who come from abroad such as Malaysia, Singapore, Philippines can also directly transit at this Airport.
Then from Sam Ratulangi Airport your journey continues to Manado City by taxi transportation, from Manado to Bunaken Island itself, the journey continues through Manado's port to Marina Blue Banter and Marina Nusantara Diving Center (NDC) in Kecamatan Molas, approximately 30 minutes. after arriving at Marina Blue Banter is still required 10 to 15 minutes trip by cruise to the dive site, semantara if you pass the Marina Nusantara Diving Center (NDC) takes 20 minutes. Besides other alternatives to get to Bunaken Island from Manado, you can use boat transportation that you can rent from Marina and Pasar Bersehati
Then for admission to Bunaken National Park, you can get it by buying in Manado city exactly at Bunaken National Park Office, besides you can also get it at some ticket sales counter in Liang village (Bunaken island) or in Siladen
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