Bandung is the largest metropolitan city in West Java province, as well as being the capital of the province. The city is located 140 km southeast of Jakarta, and is the largest city in the southern part of Java Island. While the area of Bandung Raya (Metropolitan Region of Bandung) is the second largest metropolitan in Indonesia after Jabodetabek.
In this city recorded a variety of important history, among them as the foundation of a first technical college in Indonesia (Technische Hoogeschool te Bandoeng - TH Bandung, now Institut Teknologi Bandung - ITB), the location of the battle arena in the independence, as well as ever become the venue of the 1955 Asia-Africa Conference, a meeting that voiced anti-colonialism, even Indian Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru in his speech said that Bandung was the capital of Asia-Africa.
In 1990 the city of Bandung was selected as one of the safest cities in the world based on a Time magazine survey.
Flower city is another name for this city, because in ancient times the city is considered very beautiful with the many trees and flowers that grow there. In addition Bandung was formerly also called Parijs van Java because of its beauty. In addition Bandung is also known as a shopping city, with malls and factory outlets are widely spread in this city, and now gradually the city of Bandung is also a city of culinary tourism. And in 2007, a consortium of several international NGOs made the city of Bandung a creative city pilot project in East Asia. Currently the city of Bandung is one of the main destinations of tourism and education.
Bandung will be one of the host cities of Asian Games 2018 supporters. Infrastructure under construction including Metro Capsule, a kind of APM system or People mover that developed itself.
Geographical
The city of Bandung is surrounded by mountains, so the morphological form of its territory is like a giant bowl, geographically this city is located in the middle of West Java province, and is at an altitude of ± 768 m above sea level, with the highest point in being next to north with a height of 1050 meters above sea level and the south is a low area with a height of 675 meters above sea level.Bandung city flowed two main rivers, namely Cikapundung River and Citarum River and its tributaries that generally flows southward and meet in the Citarum River. With such conditions, southern Bandung is very vulnerable to the problem of flooding especially in the rainy season.
Geological situation and the existing land in the city of Bandung and its surrounding formed in the time kwartier and have alluvial soil coating eruption of Mount Tangkuban Parahu. The type of material in the north is generally a type of andosol as well as in the central and western regions, while the southern and eastern regions consist of the distribution of alluvial gray with clay sediment material.
Semetara climate Bandung is influenced by humid and cool mountain climate, with an average temperature of 23.5 ° C, rainfall average of 200.4 mm and the number of rainy days on average 21.3 days per month.
History
The word Bandung comes from the word bendung or dam due to the Citarum river terbendungnya by the lava of Mount Tangkuban Parahu which then formed a lake. Legend told by old people in Bandung said that the name of Bandung taken from a water vehicle consisting of two boats tied side by side called the boat bandung used by the Regent of Bandung, R.A. Wiranatakusumah II, to navigate Ci Tarum in search of new district districts to replace the old capital of Dayeuhkolot.Based on the Sundanese philosophy, the word Bandung also comes from the phrase Nga-Bandung-an Banda Indung, which is a sacred and noble sentence because it contains the value of Sundanese teachings. Nga-Bandung-an means witnessing or witnessing. Banda is everything that exists in the living world that is in the earth and the atmosphere, both living things and inanimate objects. The synonym of banda is a treasure. Indung means Mother or Earth, also known as Mother Earth where Banda is located.
It is from Earth that all are born into the realm of life as Banda. Everything that is in the living world is Banda Indung, namely Earth, water, land, fire, plants, animals, humans and all the contents of the earth. The sky outside the atmosphere is the viewing place, Nu Nga-Bandung-an. The so-called Wasa or Sang Hyang Wisesa, who ruled the heavens indefinitely and the entire universe including Earth. So the word Bandung has a philosophical value as a natural place of all living things and inanimate objects that were born and lived in Mother Earth whose presence is witnessed by the Almighty.
Bandung city is geographically seen surrounded by mountains, and this shows that in the past the city of Bandung is indeed a lake or lake. Legend Sangkuriang is a legend that tells how the formation of the lake of Bandung, and how the formation of Mount Tangkuban Perahu, then how dry the lake of Bandung leaving the basin as it is today. Water from Bandung lake according to the legend is dry because it flows through a cave called Sanghyang Tikoro.
The last area of the remnants of Bandung lake that became dry is Situ Aksan, which in the 1970s was still a lake where tourism, but now has become a residential area for settlements.
Bandung City began to be used as a residential area since the Dutch East Indies colonial government, through the Governor General of that time Herman Willem Daendels, issued a decree dated 25 September 1810 on the construction of facilities and infrastructure for this region. Later this event is immortalized as the anniversary of Bandung.
Bandung city officially got gemeente status (city) from Governor General J.B. van Heutsz on April 1, 1906 with an area of about 900 hectares, and increased to 8,000 ha in 1949, until the last increase became the current area.
In the war of independence, on 24 March 1946, some of the city was burned by freedom fighters as part of the war strategy of that time. This event is known as Bandung Sea of Fire and immortalized in the song Halo-Halo Bandung. In addition the city was later abandoned by some of its inhabitants who fled to other areas.
On April 18, 1955 at Gedung Merdeka, formerly called Concordia, Jl. Asia Africa, now, opposite the Savoy Homann Hotel, was held for the first time of the Asian-African Conference which then returned to the 2005 Asia-Africa Summit held in the city from April 19 to April 24, 2005.
On April 24, 2015, the Asia-Africa Conference was held again in the city after April 20-April 23, 2015 taking place in Jakarta.
Population
Bandung is the most populous city in West Java, where the population is dominated by Sundanese, while Javanese ethnicity is the largest minority population in this city compared to other ethnic groups.The population growth of Bandung was originally closely related to the existing Railway transportation facilities built around 1880 that linked this city with Jakarta (formerly Batavia). In 1941 there were 226,877 inhabitants of this city and then after the events known as Long March Siliwangi, the population of this city increased again where in 1950 there were 644,475 inhabitants.
Health
As the capital of West Java province, Bandung city has the most complete health service facilities in this province. Until 2007, the city of Bandung has had 30 hospital units and 70 units of puskesmas scattered throughout the city, of which 17 of them have had 4 basic health services while the rest are special hospitals. The basic health services include surgical specialist services, specialist in internal medicine, specialist child care services and obstetric and gynecologist services.Of the total number of medical personnel registered in Bandung compared to the total population in 2007 were 86 medical personnel to serve 100,000 residents.
Transportation
Until 2004, the condition of road transport in the city of Bandung is still bad with high levels of congestion and inadequate roads, including parking problems and high air pollution. This problem arises because of several factors such as transportation management by local government that is not maximal such as low coordination between related institutions, lack of clarity of authority of each institution, and lack of human resources, and added incomplete supporting regulations.Infrastructure
Until 2000 the length of roads in Bandung as a whole only reached 4.9% of the total area with ideal position should be in the range of 15-20%. The construction of new roads, increased road capacity and structuring of the area should be a concern for the city government to make this city into a leading city. On June 25, 2005, the Pasupati bridge was officially opened, to ease congestion in the city center, and become a new landmark for the city. The 2.8 km-long bridge is built in the valley and across the Kapundung Ci and can connect the western axis to the east in the northern area of Bandung.The city of Bandung is about 180 km from Jakarta via Cianjur, Puncak and Bogor, nowadays can be reached via Cipularang toll road (Cikampek-Purwakarta-Padalaran
City Transportation and City Bus
For transportation within the city, Bandung people usually use urban transport or a more familiar called angkot. In addition, city buses and taxis are also a means of transportation in this city. While as intercity and provincial bus terminals in this city is Leuwipanjang terminal for west route and Cicaheum terminal for east route. Travel point to point between Bandung-Jakarta has its own pool, but all travel has also pool on Pasteur Canal, road to toll Bandung-Jakarta.On September 24, 2009, TMB (Trans Metro Bandung) officially operated, despite being protested by a local public transportation driver. TMB is a joint project between the government of Bandung with Perum II DAMRI Bandung in providing mass transportation services at low prices, facilities and comfort guaranteed and on time to destination.
Aircraft
Bandung city has an air port named Husein Sastranegara Airport to connect this city with several other cities in Indonesia such as Jakarta, Surabaya, Denpasar, Menado, Yogyakarta, Batam, Mataram, Makassar, Bandar Lampung, Palembang, Pangkalpinang, Semarang, and Medan. As for overseas routes such as Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand and Brunei Darussalam.Airport Terminal Capacity which can only accommodate 600.000 passengers per year can now accommodate up to 3.4 million passengers per year consisting of domestic terminal and international terminal. Before this airport terminal is developed, both domestic and international departure and departure service are served in one terminal.
Train
The city of Bandung also has a train station that serves daily routes to and from Jakarta, Semarang, Surabaya, Malang, Kediri, Purwokerto and Yogyakarta, namely Bandung Station for business class and executive. While Kiaracondong Station serves the same route for economy class.In addition to the 2 stations, there are 5 other railway stations, such as Gedebage (special containers), Cimindi, Andir, Ciroyom and Cikudapateuh.
Public service
In 2008, the government planned the construction of the Waste Power Center (PLTSa) in Gedebage, but was protested by local residents. And only in 2010 PLTSa development discourse is rolled back, where the tender will be conducted in November 2010 and this project will begin in early 2011 and is expected to be completed by the end of 2012.Meanwhile, to serve the need for clean water, the city government through PDAM Bandung city is currently only able to supply water for 66% of the total population. This happens because of the decrease in the amount of raw water, both inland and springs. Meanwhile, the use of groundwater resources in the city has played an important role in the fulfillment of drinking water needs since the start of development of this city in the late 19th century, but in line with the development of the city, especially the development of industry and added the lack of regulation in the conservation of water sources thus making water problems drink more complicated and need special subscription.
Currently, most of PDAM's artesian wells are no longer functioning, including mainstay of raw water supply from Cisangkuy River from Cilaki River through Situ Cipanunjang and Situ Cileunca. In addition, the distribution of water in the community sometimes carried out in rotation and also water that is distributed dirty and turbid at certain hours.
Economy
Initially the surrounding city of Bandung is traditionally an agricultural area, but along with the pace of urbanization makes agricultural land into a residential area and then developed into industrial and business areas, in accordance with the economic transformation of the city generally. The current trade and services sector plays an important role in the city's economic growth as well as the continued growth of the industrial sector. Based on the 2006 Local Socioeconomic Survey (2006), 35.92% of the city's total labor force is absorbed in the trade sector, 28.16% in the service sector and 15.92% in the industrial sector. While the agricultural sector absorbs only 0.82%, while the remaining 19.18% in the transport sector, buildings, finance and lainnnyaIn the first quarter of 2010, the city of Bandung and most other cities in West Java experienced an increase in annual inflation rate compared to the previous quarter. Inflationary drivers can be influenced by monetary policy, in the form of demand-supply interactions and public inflation expectations. Although the overall inflation rate in the city of Bandung is still relatively under control. This is mainly due to deflation in the clothing group, namely the decline in the price of gold jewelry. In contrast, inflation in Bandung experienced pressure from transport groups, triggered by rising non-subsidized fuel prices that were affected by oil prices in international markets.
Meanwhile, the Local Revenue (PAD) of Bandung is still dominated by revenue from local taxes and user charges, while the results of local-owned companies or the results of local wealth management is still not in accordance with the realization.
Tourism and Culture
Since the opening of Cipularang Toll Road, Bandung city has become the main destination in enjoying the holiday weekend especially from people who come from Jakarta surrounding. In addition to being a shopping city, the city of Bandung is also known for a large number of old buildings berarsitektur Dutch heritage.Among Gedung Sate now functions as the office of West Java provincial government, Pakuan Building which is now the official residence of West Java provincial governor, Dwi Warna Building or Indische Pensiofenfonds is now used by the Ministry of Finance of the Republic of Indonesia for Regional Office XII Directorate General of Loan Bandung, Villa Isola is now used Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Hall Station or Bandung Station and Post Office Building Great Bandung.
The city of Bandung also has several art public spaces such as museums, theater and galleries including Gedung Merdeka, the venue for the Asian-African Summit in 1955, Sri Baduga Museum, founded in 1974 using former old buildings of Kawedanan Tegallega , Bandung Geological Museum, Wangsit Mandala Siliwangi Museum, Barli Museum, Cultural Center Foundation Building, Indonesia Suuing Building formerly became the place of Ir. Soekarno conveyed his phenomenal pledoinya (Indonesia Menggugat) during the Dutch colonial era, Taman Budaya Jawa Barat (TBJB) and Rumentang Siang.
The city has several areas that become city parks, in addition to functioning as the lungs of the city is also a place of recreation for the people in this city. Bandung Zoo is one of the tourist areas that are in great demand by the community especially on Sundays and school holidays, the zoo was inaugurated in 1933 by the Dutch East Indies colonial government and is now managed by the Tamansari Wildlife Foundation.
In addition, several other tourist areas including shopping centers and factory outlets are also scattered in this city among others, in the area of Jalan Braga, Cihampelas area, Cibaduyut with craftsmen shoes and Cigondewah with textile traders. Dozens of shopping centers are spread across the city of Bandung, some of which are Istana Plaza Bandung, Bandung Indah Plaza, Paris Van Java Mall, Cihampelas Walk, Trans Studio Mall, Bandung Trade Center, Parahyangan Plaza, Balubur Town Square and Metro Trade Center. There is also a modern leisure center with various rides such as Trans Studio Resort Bandung, Trans Studio Bandung, located on the same location as Trans Studio Mall.
While some areas of traditional markets are quite famous in this city include New Market, Gedebage Market and Andir Market. Potential culinary especially tutug oncom, pancake, pepes, and colenak also continues to grow in this city. In addition Cireng has also become a special food dish Bandung, while Peuyeum a kind of tapai made from fermented cassava, widely also known by people in Java.
The city of Bandung is also known as a city full of historical memories of the struggle of the Indonesian people in general, several monuments have been established in commemoration of some historical events, including the Monument of Struggle of West Java, Bandung Monument of the Fire of Fire, Banceuy Prison Monument, Railway Monument and Heroes Memorial Park Cikutra.
In mobilizing tourism tourism awards consistently implemented include Sapta Pesona Bandung and Bandung Awards . In addition, the tourism city of Bandung can not be separated with the neighboring government who are incorporated in the Metropolitan area of Bandung Raya, in meperkuat tourism in this region tourism stakeholders agreed to build tourism in this region that refers to the Tourism Declaration of Bandung Raya Tourism Journalist Association (ITJA)
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